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MSSQL_Audit_Script.ps1
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<#
.SYNOPSIS
Audits the MSSQL Server against the CIS-benchmark, and looks at all users, roles and their rights.
.DESCRIPTION
This scripts checks the recommendations of the CIS-benchmark for MSSQL Server 2016 and MSSQL Server 2012 against the current configuration of the MSSQL Server.
It will also display the following information from the database:
* The databases on the MSSQL Server, the date and time they were created, and the number of users each database has..
* The logins and their corresponding database accounts.
* The roles that are defined, both on server and database level.
* The rights granted or denied to users and roles, both on server and database level.
.PARAMETER Server
Specifies the MSSQL Server to connect to.
.PARAMETER Database
Specifies the database to connect to.
This parameter is optional. If no database is selected it will default to auditing all available databases.
.PARAMETER WindowsAuthentication
Specifies to use Windows Authentication when connecting to the MSSQL Server.
.PARAMETER SQLAuthentication
Specifies to use SQL Authentication when connecting to the MSSQL Server.
.PARAMETER Username
Specifies the username to use when authenticating to the MSSQL Server.
This parameter is only used when authenticating with SQL Authentication.
.PARAMETER Include
Specifies which sections of the script to run.
This parameter is optional. If it is not used the default 'All' will be used.
Valid options are: 'All', 'CIS', 'STIG', 'UserManagement'.
.PARAMETER NoCsvOutput
Specifies whether to create CSV files or not. Default true.
.PARAMETER Version
Specifies which mssql server version the server is running,
e.g. 2012 = 12, 2016 = 16. Defaulting to the latest.
.INPUTS
None.
.OUTPUTS
The output is saved in a HTML file.
This file will be saved in the same folder the script is run from.
.EXAMPLE
.\MSSQL_Audit_Script.ps1 -Server "Servername" -WindowsAuthentication
.EXAMPLE
.\MSSQL_Audit_Script.ps1 -Server "Servername" -SQLAuthentication -Username "test"
.EXAMPLE
.\MSSQL_Audit_Script.ps1 -Server "Servername" -Database "DatabaseName" -WindowsAuthentication
.EXAMPLE
.\MSSQL_Audit_Script.ps1 -Server "Servername" -Include "CIS,UserManagement" -WindowsAuthentication
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
# This initializes the parameters which were present when the script was launched.
param(
# Specifies the MSSQL Server to connect to.
[parameter(ParameterSetName = "WindowsAuthentication", Mandatory = $true)]
[parameter(ParameterSetName = "SQLAuthentication", Mandatory = $true)]
[String]
$Server,
# Specifies the database to connect to.
# This parameter is optional. If no database is selected it will default to auditing all available databases.
[parameter(ParameterSetName = "WindowsAuthentication")]
[parameter(ParameterSetName = "SQLAuthentication")]
[String]
$Database,
# Specifies to use Windows Authentication when connecting to the MSSQL Server.
[parameter(ParameterSetName = "WindowsAuthentication", Mandatory = $true)]
[switch]
$WindowsAuthentication,
# Specifies to use SQL Authentication when connecting to the MSSQL Server.
[parameter(ParameterSetName = "SQLAuthentication", Mandatory = $true)]
[switch]
$SQLAuthentication,
# Specifies the username to use when authenticating to the MSSQL Server.
# This parameter is only used when authenticating with SQL Authentication.
[parameter(ParameterSetName = "SQLAuthentication", Mandatory = $true)]
[String]
$Username,
# Specifies the sections of the script to run.
# This parameter is optional. If it is not used every section will be run.
[parameter(ParameterSetName = "WindowsAuthentication")]
[parameter(ParameterSetName = "SQLAuthentication")]
[ValidateSet('All', 'CIS', 'STIG', 'UserManagement')]
[String[]]
$Include = 'All',
# Parameter help description
[parameter(ParameterSetName = "WindowsAuthentication")]
[parameter(ParameterSetName = "SQLAuthentication")]
[int]
$Version = 19,
# Specifies wether to create output CSVs.
# This parameter is optional. If it is not set it will be true..
[parameter(ParameterSetName = "WindowsAuthentication")]
[parameter(ParameterSetName = "SQLAuthentication")]
[switch]
$NoCsvOutput
)
function Startup {
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Method executed on startup.
.DESCRIPTION
This methods is called at the start of the program to verify it has started correctly.
It also makes any necessary preparations.
.EXAMPLE
Startup
#>
# This statement is used to signal the start of the script.
# It verifies that the script has started successfully.
[CmdletBinding()]
param()
Write-Host "#########################`nMSSQL audit tool`n#########################"
# A stopwatch is used to check how long a section of the script has needed to be completed.
# It is also used to check the total amount of time needed to complete the script.
$Script:Stopwatch = New-Object -TypeName System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch
$Script:TotalTime = $Script:Stopwatch.Elapsed
$Script:Stopwatch.Start()
# The password will not be visible while typing it in.
if ($SQLAuthentication) {
$SecurePassword = Read-Host -AsSecureString "Enter password"
$BSTR = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($SecurePassword)
$Script:Password = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAuto($BSTR)
}
$Script:StartTime = (Get-Date).ToString('MM-dd-yyyy-hh-mm')
mkdir $Script:StartTime
#Sets the output file. If the file already exists the user is prompted to override it or stop the script.
$Script:Outfile = ".\$($Script:StartTime)\audit-MSSQL-" + $Script:Server + ".html"
if (Test-Path -Path $Script:Outfile) {
Write-Host "The output file already exists, would you like to overwrite it?"
Remove-Item $Script:Outfile -Confirm
if (Test-Path -Path $Script:Outfile) {
Write-Host "Please move the output file: $Script:Outfile"
exit
}
}
HTMLPrinter -HTMLStart
Write-Host "Using $Script:Server as target server"
if ($Script:Database -ne "") {
Write-Host "Using $Script:Database as target database"
$Script:AllDatabases = $false
}
else {
Write-Host "There Currently no database selected."
Write-Host "Selecting database `"master`" for the connection string"
$Script:Database = "master"
$Script:AllDatabases = $true
}
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<h1 id='Basic_information' class='headers header1'>" -Content "Basic information" -ClosingTag "</h1>"
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Using $Script:Server as target server." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Using $Script:Database as target database." -ClosingTag "</p>"
$Script:OriginalDatabase = $Script:Database
SqlConnectionBuilder
try {
Write-Host "Testing Database connection."
$Script:SqlConnection.Open()
}
catch {
Write-Warning "Something went wrong while opening the connection."
exit 1
return
}
finally {
$Script:SqlConnection.Close()
}
CheckFullVersion
GenerateDatabasesInfo
Write-Host "Setup completed in: " $Script:Stopwatch.Elapsed
$Script:TotalTime += $Script:Stopwatch.Elapsed
Write-Host "Total time elapsed: " $Script:TotalTime
$Script:Stopwatch.Restart()
Main
HTMLPrinter -HTMLEnd
$Script:TotalTime += $Script:Stopwatch.Elapsed
Write-Host "Audit has finished, total time elapsed: " $Script:TotalTime
}
function Main {
<#
.SYNOPSIS
The main function.
.DESCRIPTION
The main function executes all methods.
.EXAMPLE
Main
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
param()
if ($Script:Include -eq 'All' -or $Script:Include -eq 'CIS') {
SecurityChecklists
Write-Host "CIS Microsoft SQL Server benchmark completed in:" $Script:Stopwatch.Elapsed
$Script:TotalTime += $Script:Stopwatch.Elapsed
Write-Host "Total time elapsed: " $Script:TotalTime
$Script:Stopwatch.Restart()
}
if ($Script:Include -eq 'All' -or $Script:Include -eq 'UserManagement') {
# Used to obtain all users and their rights.
UserManagement
Write-Host "User management completed in: " $Script:Stopwatch.Elapsed
$Script:TotalTime += $Script:Stopwatch.Elapsed
Write-Host "Total time elapsed: " $Script:TotalTime
$Script:Stopwatch.Restart()
}
}
function SqlConnectionBuilder {
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Builds and returns the SqlConnection object.
.DESCRIPTION
Creates a ConnectionString based on the global script variables $Script:Server and $Script:Database.
.EXAMPLE
SqlConnectionBuilder
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
# "Integrated Security = True" means that the connection uses windows authentication.
# The supplied credentials will be the credentials of owner of the powershell session.
$Script:SqlConnection = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
if ($WindowsAuthentication) {
$Script:SqlConnection.ConnectionString = "Server = $Script:Server; Database = $Script:Database; Integrated Security = True;"
}
if ($SQLAuthentication) {
$Script:SqlConnection.ConnectionString = "Server = $Script:Server; Database = $Script:Database; User Id = $Script:Username; Password = $Script:Password;"
}
}
function DataCollector {
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Collects data from the MSSQL instance.
.DESCRIPTION
Creates an SqlAdapter based on the SQL query and fills it with data.
This dataset is then returned.
.EXAMPLE
SqlAdapter $SqlQuery
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
[OutputType([System.Data.Dataset])]
param (
# The SQL query to run.
[parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[String[]]
$SqlQuery,
[parameter()]
[String]
$AllTables
)
$SQLCommand = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand
$SQLCommand.CommandText = $SqlQuery
$SQLCommand.Connection = $Script:SqlConnection
$SQLAdapter = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataAdapter
$SQLAdapter.SelectCommand = $SQLCommand
$Dataset = New-Object System.Data.DataSet
$SqlAdapter.Fill($Dataset) | Out-Null
if ($AllTables -eq "y") {
, $Dataset
}
else {
$DataTable = New-Object System.Data.DataTable
$DataTable = $Dataset.Tables[0]
, $DataTable
}
}
function CheckFullVersion {
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Check the full version of the MSSQL Server.
.DESCRIPTION
Checks and displays the full version info of the MSSQL server.
This includes the major version, service pack, build.
.EXAMPLE
CheckFullVersion
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
$SqlQuery = "SELECT
@@VERSION AS Version, SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') as Hostname
;"
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<h3 id='Server_version' class='headers'>" -Content "Server version" -ClosingTag "</h3>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Dataset -Columns @("Version", "Hostname")
CsvWriter 'GEN-Version' "Version, Hostname"
foreach ($Row in $Dataset) {
CsvWriter 'GEN-Version' "$([string]::join('',($Row.Version.Split("`r?`n")))), $($Row.Hostname)"
}
}
function GenerateDatabasesInfo {
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Generate list of databases.
.DESCRIPTION
Generates a list of databases on the server.
This list is used for queries that are used on every database on the server.
.EXAMPLE
GenerateDatabasesInfo
.NOTES
General notes
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
param ()
$SqlQuery = "SELECT
*
FROM
sys.databases AS DB
;"
$Script:DatabasesInfo = DataCollector $SqlQuery
$Script:DatabasesInfo.Columns.Add("number_of_users", "System.String") | Out-Null
$SqlQuery = "SELECT
COUNT(*) AS users
FROM
sys.database_principals AS DP
WHERE
DP.type IN (
'C',
'E',
'G',
'K',
'S',
'U',
'X'
)
;"
foreach ($db in $Script:DatabasesInfo) {
$Script:Database = $db.name
SqlConnectionBuilder
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
$db.number_of_users = $Dataset.users
}
$Script:Database = $Script:OriginalDatabase
SqlConnectionBuilder
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<h3 id='Databases' class='headers'>" -Content "Databases" -ClosingTag "</h3>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Script:DatabasesInfo -Columns @("name", "create_date", "number_of_users")
CsvWriter 'GEN-Databases' "name,create_date,number_of_users"
foreach ($Row in $Script:DatabasesInfo) {
CsvWriter 'GEN-Databases' "$($Row.name),$($Row.create_date),$($Row.number_of_users)"
}
}
function CsvWriter {
param (
# The SQL query to run.
[parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[String]
$FileName,
[parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[String]
$Text
)
$FileName = ".\$($Script:StartTime)\audit-MSSQL-" + $Script:Server + "-" + $FileName + ".CSV"
if ($Script:NoCsvOutput) {
# Empty switch to prevent CSV writing when the NoCsvOutput argument is present.
}
else {
Add-Content $FileName $Text
}
}
function ConvertTo-SQLHashString {
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Converts SID back into the SID as seen in SSMS.
.DESCRIPTION
Converts SID back into the SID as seen in SSMS.
Since it automatically is converted to a binary, therefor powershell can't show the value properly.
.EXAMPLE
ConvertTo-SQLHashString $sid
.NOTES
General notes
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
[OutputType([String])]
param([parameter(Mandatory = $true)] $binhash)
$outstring = '0x'
$binhash | ForEach-Object { $outstring += ('{0:X}' -f $_).PadLeft(2, '0') }
return $outstring
}
function SecurityChecklists {
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Checks the MSSQL server against checklists available on the NIST NCP repository.
Currently these include:
* CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 (1.4.0)
* CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 (1.0.0)
* Microsoft SQL Server 2016 STIG (Ver 1, Rel 4)
.DESCRIPTION
When checking the MSSQL server it will use the different parameters provided at the startup of the script to determine the checks to run.
The options to test are currently CIS and STIG. It will use the latest implemented version based on version data of the server.
Since not every check from the checklists can be performed on PowerShell this list is not complete.
Checks that aren't supported will be noted so they can be checked manually.
The CIS benchmark recommendatons are assigned a scoring status:
Scored: Failure to comply with "Scored" recommendations will decrease the final fenchmark score.
Compliance with "Scored" recommendations will increase the final benchmark score.
Not Scored: Failure to comply with "Not Scored" recommendations will not decrease the final benchmark score.
Compliance with "Not Scored" recommendations will not increase the final benchmark score.
The STIG policies are assigned a Severity Category Code (CAT):
CAT I: Any vulnerability, the exploitation of which will directly and immediately result in loss of Confidentiality, Availability, or Integrity.
CAT II: Any vulnerability, the exploitation of which has a potential to result in loss of Confidentiality, Availability, or Integrity.
CAT III: Any vulnerability, the existence of which degrades measures to protect against loss of Confidentiality, Availability, or Integrity.
This method can check any combination of CIS benchmark and STIG CAT checks.
.EXAMPLE
SecurityChecklists
.NOTES
The SecurityChecklists function does not check every MSSQL checklist found in the NIST NCP repository.
It will only check MSSQL versions that are currently supported by Microsoft.
The following checks can be performed by this function:
CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 benchmark:
* Section 1.1 (Not Scored)
* Section 1.2 (Not Scored) (Manual)
* Section 2.1 (Scored)
* Section 2.2 (Scored)
* Section 2.3 (Scored)
* Section 2.4 (Scored)
* Section 2.5 (Scored)
* Section 2.6 (Scored)
* Section 2.7 (Scored)
* Section 2.8 (Scored)
* Section 2.9 (Scored)
* Section 2.10 (Not Scored) (Manual)
* Section 2.11 (Scored)
* Section 2.12 (Scored)
* Section 2.13 (Scored)
* Section 2.14 (Scored)
* Section 2.15 (Scored)
* Section 2.16 (Scored)
* Section 2.17 (Scored)
* Section 3.1 (Scored)
* Section 3.2 (Scored)
* Section 3.3 (Scored)
* Section 3.4 (Scored)
* Section 3.5 (Scored) (Manual) Can this be automated?
* Section 3.6 (Scored) (Manual) Can this be automated?
* Section 3.7 (Scored) (Manual) Can this be automated? Net user and such?
* Section 3.8 (Scored)
* Section 3.9 (Scored)
* Section 3.10 (Scored)
* Section 3.11 (Scored)
* Section 4.1 (Not Scored) (Manual)
* Section 4.2 (Scored)
* Section 4.3 (Scored)
* Section 5.1 (Scored)
* Section 5.2 (Scored)
* Section 5.3 (Scored)
* Section 5.4 (Scored)
* Section 6.1 (Not Scored) (Manual)
* Section 6.2 (Scored)
* Section 7.1 (Scored)
* Section 7.2 (Scored)
* Section 8.1 (Not Scored) (Manual)
CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 benchmark:
* Section 1.1 (Not Scored)
* Section 1.2 (Not Scored) (Manual)
* Section 2.1 (Scored)
* Section 2.2 (Scored)
* Section 2.3 (Scored)
* Section 2.4 (Scored)
* Section 2.5 (Scored)
* Section 2.6 (Scored)
* Section 2.7 (Scored)
* Section 2.8 (Scored)
* Section 2.9 (Scored)
* Section 2.10 (Not Scored) (Manual)
* Section 2.11 (Scored)
* Section 2.12 (Scored)
* Section 2.13 (Scored)
* Section 2.14 (Scored)
* Section 2.15 (Scored)
* Section 2.16 (Scored)
* Section 2.17 (Scored)
* Section 3.1 (Scored)
* Section 3.2 (Scored)
* Section 3.3 (Scored)
* Section 3.4 (Scored)
* Section 3.5 (Scored) (Manual)
* Section 3.6 (Scored) (Manual)
* Section 3.7 (Scored) (Manual)
* Section 3.8 (Scored)
* Section 3.9 (Scored)
* Section 3.10 (Scored)
* Section 3.11 (Scored)
* Section 4.1 (Not Scored) (Manual)
* Section 4.2 (Scored)
* Section 4.3 (Scored)
* Section 5.1 (Scored)
* Section 5.2 (Scored)
* Section 5.3 (Scored)
* Section 5.4 (Scored)
* Section 6.1 (Not Scored) (Manual)
* Section 6.2 (Scored)
* Section 7.1 (Scored)
* Section 7.2 (Scored)
* Section 8.1 (Not Scored) (Manual)
#>
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<h1 id='CIS_benchmark' class='headers'>" -Content "CIS benchmark" -ClosingTag "</h1>"
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 benchmark section 1.1.
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 benchmark section 1.1.
# Checks the productlevel and productversion.
$SqlQuery = "SELECT
SERVERPROPERTY('ProductLevel') as SP_installed,
SERVERPROPERTY('ProductVersion') as version
;"
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "The server contains the following Service Pack and Version. These can be found on microsofts website." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Check if these match the expected versions." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Dataset -Columns @("SP_installed", "version")
CsvWriter 'CIS-Version' "SP_installed,version"
foreach ($Row in $Dataset) {
CsvWriter 'CIS-Version' "$($Row.SP_installed),$($Row.version)"
}
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 benchmark section 2.1.
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 benchmark section 2.1.
# Checks if the option 'Ad Hoc Distributed Queries' is disabled.
$SqlQuery = "SELECT name AS name,
CAST(value AS int) AS value_configured,
CAST(value_in_use AS int) AS value_in_use
FROM
sys.configurations AS C
WHERE
C.name = 'Ad Hoc Distributed Queries'
;"
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Check if 'Add Hoc Distributed Queries' is disabled (0)." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Dataset -Columns @("name", "value_configured", "value_in_use")
CsvWriter 'CIS-Compliance' "name,value_configured,value_in_use,expected,database"
foreach ($Row in $Dataset) {
CsvWriter 'CIS-Compliance' "$($Row.name),$($Row.value_configured),$($Row.value_in_use),0"
}
# This first query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 benchmark section 2.2.
# This first query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 benchmark section 2.2.
# This second query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2019 benchmark section 2.2 and 2.17.
# Checks if the option 'clr enabled' is disabled or 'clr strict security' is enabled for 2019..
$SqlQuery = ""
$SqlQuery = "SELECT name AS name,
CAST(value AS int) AS value_configured,
CAST(value_in_use AS int) AS value_in_use
FROM
sys.configurations AS C
WHERE
C.name = 'clr enabled'
;"
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Check if 'clr enabled' is disabled (0)." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Dataset -Columns @("name", "value_configured", "value_in_use")
foreach ($Row in $Dataset) {
CsvWriter 'CIS-Compliance' "$($Row.name),$($Row.value_configured),$($Row.value_in_use),0"
}
# For 2019 (And above?) Only.
if ($Script:AllDatabases) {
foreach ($db in $Script:DatabasesInfo) {
$SqlQuery = "
SELECT
name AS name,
CAST(value as int) as value_configured,
CAST(value_in_use as int) as value_in_use
FROM
sys.configurations
WHERE
name = 'clr strict security';
;"
$Script:Database = $db.name
SqlConnectionBuilder
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
if ($Dataset.Rows.Count -gt 0) {
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Check if 'clr strict security' is enabled (1) for $($db.name)." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Dataset -Columns @("name", "value_configured", "value_in_use")
foreach ($Row in $Dataset) {
CsvWriter 'CIS-Compliance' "$($Row.name),$($Row.value_configured),$($Row.value_in_use),0,$($db.name)"
}
}
}
$Script:Database = $Script:OriginalDatabase
}
else {
if ($Script:Version -ge 19) {
$SqlQuery = "SELECT name AS name,
CAST(value as int) as value_configured,
CAST(value_in_use as int) as value_in_use
FROM
sys.configurations
WHERE
name = 'clr strict security';
;"
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Check if 'clr strict security' is enabled (1)." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Dataset -Columns @("name", "value_configured", "value_in_use")
foreach ($Row in $Dataset) {
CsvWriter 'CIS-Compliance' "$($Row.name),$($Row.value_configured),$($Row.value_in_use),0"
}
}
}
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 benchmark section 2.3.
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 benchmark section 2.3.
# Checks if the option 'cross db ownership chaining' is disabled.
$SqlQuery = "SELECT name AS name,
CAST(value AS int) AS value_configured,
CAST(value_in_use AS int) AS value_in_use
FROM
sys.configurations AS C
WHERE
C.name = 'cross db ownership chaining'
;"
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Check if 'cross db ownership chaining' is disabled (0)." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Dataset -Columns @("name", "value_configured", "value_in_use")
foreach ($Row in $Dataset) {
CsvWriter 'CIS-Compliance' "$($Row.name),$($Row.value_configured),$($Row.value_in_use),0"
}
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 benchmark section 2.4.
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 benchmark section 2.4.
# Checks if the option 'Database Mail XPs' is disabled.
$SqlQuery = "SELECT name AS name,
CAST(value AS int) AS value_configured,
CAST(value_in_use AS int) AS value_in_use
FROM
sys.configurations AS C
WHERE
C.name = 'Database Mail XPs'
;"
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Check if 'Database Mail XPs' is disabled (0)." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Dataset -Columns @("name", "value_configured", "value_in_use")
foreach ($Row in $Dataset) {
CsvWriter 'CIS-Compliance' "$($Row.name),$($Row.value_configured),$($Row.value_in_use),0"
}
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 benchmark section 2.5.
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 benchmark section 2.5.
# Checks if the option 'Ole Automation Procedures' is disabled.
$SqlQuery = "SELECT name AS name,
CAST(value AS int) AS value_configured,
CAST(value_in_use AS int) AS value_in_use
FROM
sys.configurations AS C
WHERE
C.name = 'Ole Automation Procedures'
;"
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Check if 'Ole Automation Procedures' is disabled (0)." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Dataset -Columns @("name", "value_configured", "value_in_use")
foreach ($Row in $Dataset) {
CsvWriter 'CIS-Compliance' "$($Row.name),$($Row.value_configured),$($Row.value_in_use),0"
}
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 benchmark section 2.6.
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 benchmark section 2.6.
# Checks if the option 'remote access' is disabled.
$SqlQuery = "SELECT name AS name,
CAST(value AS int) AS value_configured,
CAST(value_in_use AS int) AS value_in_use
FROM
sys.configurations AS C
WHERE
C.name = 'remote access'
;"
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Check if 'remote access' is disabled (0)." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Dataset -Columns @("name", "value_configured", "value_in_use")
foreach ($Row in $Dataset) {
CsvWriter 'CIS-Compliance' "$($Row.name),$($Row.value_configured),$($Row.value_in_use),0"
}
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 benchmark section 2.7.
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 benchmark section 2.7.
# Checks if the option 'remote admin connections' is disabled if the server is not in a cluster.
$SqlQuery = "SELECT name AS name,
CAST(value AS int) AS value_configured,
CAST(value_in_use AS int) AS value_in_use
FROM
sys.configurations AS C
WHERE
C.name = 'remote admin connections'
AND SERVERPROPERTY('IsClustered') = 0
;"
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
if ($Dataset.Rows.Count -gt 0) {
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Check if 'remote admin connections' is disabled (0)." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Dataset -Columns @("name", "value_configured", "value_in_use")
}
else {
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "This server is in a cluster. Therefore the check for 'remote admin connections' does not apply." -ClosingTag "</p>"
}
foreach ($Row in $Dataset) {
CsvWriter 'CIS-Compliance' "$($Row.name),$($Row.value_configured),$($Row.value_in_use),0"
}
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 benchmark section 2.8.
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 benchmark section 2.8.
# Checks if the option 'scan for startup procs' is disabled.
$SqlQuery = "SELECT name AS name,
CAST(value AS int) AS value_configured,
CAST(value_in_use AS int) AS value_in_use
FROM
sys.configurations AS C
WHERE
C.name = 'scan for startup procs'
;"
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Check if 'scan for startup procs' is disabled (0)" -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Note that this option might be enabled to use certain audit traces, stored procedures and replication." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Dataset -Columns @("name", "value_configured", "value_in_use")
foreach ($Row in $Dataset) {
CsvWriter 'CIS-Compliance' "$($Row.name),$($Row.value_configured),$($Row.value_in_use),0"
}
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 benchmark section 2.9.
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 benchmark section 2.9.
# Checks if the option 'is_trustworthy_on' is disabled.
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Check for the following databases if they have the (is_trustworthy_on set to False)." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "The 'msdb' database is required to have 'is_trustworthy_on set to True.`n" -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Script:DatabasesInfo -Columns @("name", "is_trustworthy_on")
CsvWriter 'CIS-Trustworthy' "name,is_trustworthy_on"
foreach ($Row in $Script:DatabasesInfo) {
CsvWriter 'CIS-Trustworthy' "$($Row.name),$($Row.is_trustworthy_on)"
}
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 benchmark section 2.11.
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 benchmark section 2.11.
# Checks if the MSSQL Server does not use the default port 1433.
# Outdatedd but still works. Newer versions don't work when run from the machine it's hosted on.
$SqlQuery = "DECLARE
@value nvarchar (256)
;
EXECUTE
master.dbo.xp_instance_regread
N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE',
N'SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib\Tcp\IPALL',
N'TcpPort',
@value OUTPUT,
N'no_output'
;
SELECT
@value AS TCP_port
;"
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Check that the server does not use the default TCP_Port 1433." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Dataset -Columns @("TCP_port")
foreach ($Row in $Dataset) {
CsvWriter 'CIS-Compliance' "TCP_port,$($Row.TCP_port),,Not 1433"
}
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 benchmark section 2.12.
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 benchmark section 2.12.
# Checks if the server is hidden. If the server is in a cluster it might be necessary to have this turned off.
$SqlQuery = "DECLARE
@getValue INT
;
EXEC
master..xp_instance_regread
@rootkey = N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE',
@key = N'SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib',
@value_name = N'HideInstance',
@value = @getValue OUTPUT
;
SELECT
@getValue AS is_hidden,
SERVERPROPERTY('IsClustered') AS is_in_cluster
;"
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Check if the server is hidden (1)." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "If the server is in a cluster it might be necessary to have this turned off." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Dataset -Columns @("is_hidden", "is_in_cluster")
CsvWriter 'CIS-Hidden-Cluster' "is_hidden,is_in_cluster,expected_is_hidden"
foreach ($Row in $Dataset) {
CsvWriter 'CIS-Hidden-Cluster' "$($Row.is_hidden),$($Row.is_in_cluster),1"
}
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 benchmark section 2.13.
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 benchmark section 2.13.
# Checks if the default 'sa' account is disabled.
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 benchmark section 2.14.
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 benchmark section 2.14.
# Checks if the default 'sa' account has been renamed.
$SqlQuery = "SELECT
SP.sid AS SID,
SP.name AS name,
SP.is_disabled AS is_disabled
FROM
sys.server_principals AS SP
WHERE
SP.SID = 0x01
;"
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Check if the default 'sa' account is disabled (True)" -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Check if the default 'sa' account has been renamed." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Dataset -Columns @("SID", "name", "is_disabled")
CsvWriter 'CIS-sa-account' "SID,name,is_disabled"
foreach ($Row in $Dataset) {
CsvWriter 'CIS-sa-account' "$($Row.SID),$($Row.name),$($Row.is_disabled)"
}
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 benchmark section 2.15.
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 benchmark section 2.15.
# Checks if the option 'xp_cmdshell' is disabled.
$SqlQuery = "SELECT name AS name,
CAST(value AS int) AS value_configured,
CAST(value_in_use AS int) AS value_in_use
FROM
sys.configurations AS C
WHERE
C.name = 'xp_cmdshell'
;"
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Check if 'xp_cmdshell' is disabled (0)." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Dataset -Columns @("name", "value_configured", "value_in_use")
foreach ($Row in $Dataset) {
CsvWriter 'CIS-Compliance' "$($Row.name),$($Row.value_configured),$($Row.value_in_use),0"
}
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 benchmark section 2.16.
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 benchmark section 2.16.
# Checks if the is_auto_close_on option is turned off for contained databases.
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Check if the 'is_auto_close_on' option is set to 'False' for the databases with 'containment' not set to '0'." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Script:DatabasesInfo -Columns @("name", "containment", "containment_desc", "is_auto_close_on")
CsvWriter 'CIS-containment' "name,containment,containment_desc,is_auto_close_on"
foreach ($Row in $Script:DatabasesInfo) {
CsvWriter 'CIS-containment' "$($Row.name),$($Row.containment),$($Row.containment_desc),$($Row.is_auto_close_on)"
}
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 benchmark section 2.17.
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 benchmark section 2.17.
# Checks if no login exists with the name 'sa'.
$SqlQuery = "SELECT
SP.principal_id AS principal_ID,
SP.name AS name,
SP.is_disabled AS is_disabled
FROM
sys.server_principals AS SP
WHERE
SP.type = 'S'
OR SP.type = 'U'
OR SP.type = 'G'
ORDER BY
SP.principal_ID
;"
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Check if no login exists with the name 'sa', even if this is not the original 'sa' account." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Dataset -Columns @("principal_ID", "name", "is_disabled")
CsvWriter 'CIS-sa' "principal_ID,name,is_disabled,expected"
foreach ($Row in $Dataset) {
CsvWriter 'CIS-sa' "$($Row.principal_ID),$($Row.name),$($Row.is_disabled),True"
}
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 benchmark section 3.1.
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 benchmark section 3.1.
# Checks if the 'Server Authentication' property is set to 'Windows Authentication Mode'.
$SqlQuery = "SELECT
SERVERPROPERTY('IsIntegratedSecurityOnly') AS [login_mode]
;"
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Check if 'login_mode' is set to 'Windows Authentication Mode' only (1)." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Dataset -Columns @("login_mode")
foreach ($Row in $Dataset) {
CsvWriter 'CIS-Compliance' "login_mode,$($Row.login_mode),,1"
}
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 benchmark section 3.2.
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 benchmark section 3.2.
# Checks if the guest user has it's rights revoked on the databases, with the exception of the msdb
$SqlQuery = "SELECT
DB_NAME() AS database_name,
'guest' AS DB_user,
DP.[permission_name] AS permission_name,
DP.[state_desc] AS state_desc
FROM
sys.database_permissions AS DP
WHERE
DP.[grantee_principal_id] = DATABASE_PRINCIPAL_ID('guest')
;"
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "Check for each of the following databases if the 'CONNECT' permission has been revoked for the 'guest' user." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "The connect permission is required for the 'master', 'tempdb', 'msdb' databases. Therefore they can be ignored." -ClosingTag "</p>"
CsvWriter 'CIS-CONNECT-permission' "database_name,DB_user,permission_name,state_desc"
if ($Script:AllDatabases) {
foreach ($db in $Script:DatabasesInfo) {
$Script:Database = $db.name
SqlConnectionBuilder
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
HTMLPrinter -Table $Dataset -Columns @("database_name", "DB_user", "permission_name", "state_desc")
foreach ($Row in $Dataset) {
CsvWriter 'CIS-CONNECT-permission' "$($Row.database_name),$($Row.DB_user),$($Row.permission_name),$($Row.state_desc)"
}
}
$Script:Database = $Script:OriginalDatabase
SqlConnectionBuilder
}
else {
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
HTMLPrinter -Table $Dataset -Columns @("database_name", "DB_user", "permission_name", "state_desc")
CsvWriter 'CIS-CONNECT-permission' "$($Row.database_name),$($Row.DB_user),$($Row.permission_name),$($Row.state_desc)"
}
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2012 benchmark section 3.3
# This query is based on CIS Microsoft SQL Server 2016 benchmark section 3.3
# Checks if 'Orphaned Users' are dropped from SQL Server Databases.
$SqlQuery = "EXEC
sp_change_users_login
@Action = 'Report'
;"
CsvWriter 'CIS-orphaned-users' "name,UserName,UserSID"
if ($Script:AllDatabases) {
foreach ($db in $Script:DatabasesInfo) {
$Script:Database = $db.name
SqlConnectionBuilder
$Dataset = DataCollector $SqlQuery
if ($Dataset.Rows.Count -gt 0) {
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "The following accounts in $($db.name) are 'orphaned'." -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -OpeningTag "<p>" -Content "These accounts should probably be removed.`n" -ClosingTag "</p>"
HTMLPrinter -Table $Dataset -Columns @("UserName", "UserSID")
foreach ($Row in $Dataset) {