controller_instance.go

/*
Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package controller

import (
	"context"
	stderrors "errors"
	"fmt"
	"net/url"
	"reflect"
	"sync"
	"time"

	osb "github.com/kubernetes-sigs/go-open-service-broker-client/v2"
	"github.com/kubernetes-sigs/service-catalog/pkg/apis/servicecatalog/v1beta1"
	scfeatures "github.com/kubernetes-sigs/service-catalog/pkg/features"
	"github.com/kubernetes-sigs/service-catalog/pkg/pretty"
	"github.com/kubernetes-sigs/service-catalog/pkg/util"

	"github.com/pkg/errors"
	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/sets"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
	utilfeature "k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/util/feature"
	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
	"k8s.io/client-go/util/workqueue"
	"k8s.io/klog"
)

const (
	successDeprovisionReason       string = "DeprovisionedSuccessfully"
	successDeprovisionMessage      string = "The instance was deprovisioned successfully"
	successUpdateInstanceReason    string = "InstanceUpdatedSuccessfully"
	successUpdateInstanceMessage   string = "The instance was updated successfully"
	successProvisionReason         string = "ProvisionedSuccessfully"
	successProvisionMessage        string = "The instance was provisioned successfully"
	successOrphanMitigationReason  string = "OrphanMitigationSuccessful"
	successOrphanMitigationMessage string = "Orphan mitigation was completed successfully"

	errorWithParametersReason                  string = "ErrorWithParameters"
	errorProvisionCallFailedReason             string = "ProvisionCallFailed"
	errorErrorCallingProvisionReason           string = "ErrorCallingProvision"
	errorUpdateInstanceCallFailedReason        string = "UpdateInstanceCallFailed"
	errorErrorCallingUpdateInstanceReason      string = "ErrorCallingUpdateInstance"
	errorDeprovisionCallFailedReason           string = "DeprovisionCallFailed"
	errorDeprovisionBlockedByCredentialsReason string = "DeprovisionBlockedByExistingCredentials"
	errorPollingLastOperationReason            string = "ErrorPollingLastOperation"
	errorWithOriginatingIdentityReason         string = "ErrorWithOriginatingIdentity"
	errorWithOngoingAsyncOperationReason       string = "ErrorAsyncOperationInProgress"
	errorNonexistentClusterServiceClassReason  string = "ReferencesNonexistentServiceClass"
	errorNonexistentClusterServiceClassMessage string = "ReferencesNonexistentServiceClass"
	errorNonexistentClusterServicePlanReason   string = "ReferencesNonexistentServicePlan"
	errorNonexistentClusterServiceBrokerReason string = "ReferencesNonexistentBroker"
	errorNonexistentServiceClassReason         string = "ReferencesNonexistentServiceClass"
	errorNonexistentServicePlanReason          string = "ReferencesNonexistentServicePlan"
	errorNonexistentServiceBrokerReason        string = "ReferencesNonexistentBroker"
	errorDeletedClusterServiceClassReason      string = "ReferencesDeletedServiceClass"
	errorDeletedClusterServicePlanReason       string = "ReferencesDeletedServicePlan"
	errorDeletedServiceClassReason             string = "ReferencesDeletedServiceClass"
	errorDeletedServicePlanReason              string = "ReferencesDeletedServicePlan"
	errorFindingNamespaceServiceInstanceReason string = "ErrorFindingNamespaceForInstance"
	errorOrphanMitigationFailedReason          string = "OrphanMitigationFailed"
	errorInvalidDeprovisionStatusReason        string = "InvalidDeprovisionStatus"

	errorAmbiguousPlanReferenceScope string = "couldn't determine if the instance refers to a Cluster or Namespaced ServiceClass/Plan"

	asyncProvisioningReason                 string = "Provisioning"
	asyncProvisioningMessage                string = "The instance is being provisioned asynchronously"
	asyncUpdatingInstanceReason             string = "UpdatingInstance"
	asyncUpdatingInstanceMessage            string = "The instance is being updated asynchronously"
	asyncDeprovisioningReason               string = "Deprovisioning"
	asyncDeprovisioningMessage              string = "The instance is being deprovisioned asynchronously"
	serviceBindingsDeletionReason           string = "ServiceBindingsDeletion"
	serviceBindingsDeletionMessage          string = "The instance's service bindings are being deleted"
	provisioningInFlightReason              string = "ProvisionRequestInFlight"
	provisioningInFlightMessage             string = "Provision request for ServiceInstance in-flight to Broker"
	instanceUpdatingInFlightReason          string = "UpdateInstanceRequestInFlight"
	instanceUpdatingInFlightMessage         string = "Update request for ServiceInstance in-flight to Broker"
	deprovisioningInFlightReason            string = "DeprovisionRequestInFlight"
	deprovisioningInFlightMessage           string = "Deprovision request for ServiceInstance in-flight to Broker"
	startingInstanceOrphanMitigationReason  string = "StartingInstanceOrphanMitigation"
	startingInstanceOrphanMitigationMessage string = "The instance provision call failed with an ambiguous error; attempting to deprovision the instance in order to mitigate an orphaned resource"

	clusterIdentifierKey string = "clusterid"

	minBrokerOperationRetryDelay time.Duration = time.Second * 1
	maxBrokerOperationRetryDelay time.Duration = time.Minute * 20

	eventHandlerLogLevel = 4 // TODO: move all logLevel settings to a central location
)

type backoffEntry struct {
	generation          int64
	calculatedRetryTime time.Time // earliest time we should retry
	dirty               bool      // true indicates new backoff should be calculated
}

type instanceOperationBackoff struct {
	// lock to be used for accessing retry map
	mutex       sync.RWMutex
	instances   map[string]backoffEntry // Key is K8s metadata UID
	rateLimiter workqueue.RateLimiter   // used to calculate next retry time, key is UID
}

// ServiceInstance handlers and control-loop

// enqueueInstance adds the instance key to the work queue
func (c *controller) enqueueInstance(obj interface{}) {
	key, err := cache.DeletionHandlingMetaNamespaceKeyFunc(obj)
	if err != nil {
		klog.Errorf("Couldn't get key for object %+v: %v", obj, err)
		return
	}
	c.instanceQueue.Add(key)
}

// enqueueInstanceAfter adds the instance key to the work queue after the specified
// duration elapses
func (c *controller) enqueueInstanceAfter(obj interface{}, d time.Duration) {
	key, err := cache.DeletionHandlingMetaNamespaceKeyFunc(obj)
	if err != nil {
		klog.Errorf("Couldn't get key for object %+v: %v", obj, err)
		return
	}
	c.instanceQueue.AddAfter(key, d)
}

// instanceAdd handles the ServiceInstance ADDED watch event
func (c *controller) instanceAdd(obj interface{}) {
	if klog.V(eventHandlerLogLevel) {
		instance := obj.(*v1beta1.ServiceInstance)
		pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
		klog.Info(pcb.Messagef("Received ADD event: %v", toJSON(instance)))
	}
	c.enqueueInstance(obj)
}

// instanceUpdate handles the ServiceInstance UPDATED watch event
func (c *controller) instanceUpdate(oldObj, newObj interface{}) {
	instance := newObj.(*v1beta1.ServiceInstance)
	pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
	if klog.V(eventHandlerLogLevel) {
		pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
		klog.Info(pcb.Messagef("Received UPDATE event: %v", toJSON(instance)))
	}

	// Instances with ongoing asynchronous operations will be manually added
	// to the polling queue by the reconciler. They should be ignored here in
	// order to enforce polling rate-limiting.
	if instance.Status.AsyncOpInProgress {
		klog.V(eventHandlerLogLevel).Info(pcb.Message("NOT enqueueing instance because an async operation is in progress"))
		return
	}

	klog.V(eventHandlerLogLevel).Info(pcb.Message("Enqueueing instance"))
	c.enqueueInstance(newObj)
}

// instanceDelete handles the ServiceInstance DELETED watch event
func (c *controller) instanceDelete(obj interface{}) {
	instance, ok := obj.(*v1beta1.ServiceInstance)
	if instance == nil || !ok {
		return
	}

	if klog.V(eventHandlerLogLevel) {
		pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
		klog.Info(pcb.Messagef("Received DELETE event: %v", toJSON(instance)))
		klog.Info(pcb.Message("no further processing will occur"))
	}
}

// Async operations on instances have a somewhat convoluted flow in order to
// ensure that only a single goroutine works on an instance at any given time.
// The flow is:
//
// 1.  When the controller wants to begin polling the state of an operation on
//     an instance, it calls its beginPollingServiceInstance method (or
//     calls continuePollingServiceInstance, an alias of that method)
// 2.  begin/continuePollingServiceInstance do a rate-limited add to the polling queue
// 3.  the instancePollingQueue calls requeueServiceInstanceForPoll, which adds the instance's
//     key to the instance work queue
// 4.  the worker servicing the instance polling queue forgets the instances key,
//     requiring the controller to call continuePollingServiceInstance if additional
//     work is needed.
// 5.  the instance work queue is the single work queue that actually services
//     instances by calling reconcileServiceInstance
// 6.  when an asynchronous operation is completed, the controller calls
//     finishPollingServiceInstance to forget the instance from the polling queue

// requeueServiceInstanceForPoll adds the given instance key to the controller's work
// queue for instances.  It is used to trigger polling for the status of an
// async operation on and instance and is called by the worker servicing the
// instance polling queue.  After requeueServiceInstanceForPoll exits, the worker
// forgets the key from the polling queue, so the controller must call
// continuePollingServiceInstance if the instance requires additional polling.
func (c *controller) requeueServiceInstanceForPoll(key string) error {
	c.instanceQueue.Add(key)

	return nil
}

// beginPollingServiceInstance does a rate-limited add of the key for the given
// instance to the controller's instance polling queue.
func (c *controller) beginPollingServiceInstance(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) error {
	key, err := cache.DeletionHandlingMetaNamespaceKeyFunc(instance)
	if err != nil {
		pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
		s := fmt.Sprintf("Couldn't create a key for object %+v: %v", instance, err)
		klog.Errorf(pcb.Message(s))
		return fmt.Errorf(s)
	}

	c.instancePollingQueue.AddRateLimited(key)

	return nil
}

// continuePollingServiceInstance does a rate-limited add of the key for the given
// instance to the controller's instance polling queue.
func (c *controller) continuePollingServiceInstance(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) error {
	return c.beginPollingServiceInstance(instance)
}

// finishPollingServiceInstance removes the instance's key from the controller's instance
// polling queue.
func (c *controller) finishPollingServiceInstance(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) error {
	key, err := cache.DeletionHandlingMetaNamespaceKeyFunc(instance)
	if err != nil {
		pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
		s := fmt.Sprintf("Couldn't create a key for object %+v: %v", instance, err)
		klog.Errorf(pcb.Message(s))
		return fmt.Errorf(s)
	}

	c.instancePollingQueue.Forget(key)

	return nil
}

// resetPollingRateLimiterForServiceInstance causes the polling queue's rate
// limiter to forget the given instance.
func (c *controller) resetPollingRateLimiterForServiceInstance(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) {
	key, err := cache.DeletionHandlingMetaNamespaceKeyFunc(instance)
	if err != nil {
		pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
		s := fmt.Sprintf("Couldn't create a key for object %+v: %v", instance, err)
		klog.Errorf(pcb.Message(s))
		return
	}

	c.instancePollingQueue.Forget(key)
}

// getReconciliationActionForServiceInstance gets the action the reconciler
// should be taking on the given instance.
func getReconciliationActionForServiceInstance(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) ReconciliationAction {
	switch {
	case instance.Status.AsyncOpInProgress:
		return reconcilePoll
	case instance.ObjectMeta.DeletionTimestamp != nil || instance.Status.OrphanMitigationInProgress:
		return reconcileDelete
	case instance.Status.ProvisionStatus == v1beta1.ServiceInstanceProvisionStatusProvisioned:
		return reconcileUpdate
	default: // instance.Status.ProvisionStatus == "NotProvisioned"
		return reconcileAdd
	}
}

func (c *controller) reconcileServiceInstanceKey(key string) error {
	// For namespace-scoped resources, SplitMetaNamespaceKey splits the key
	// i.e. "namespace/name" into two separate strings
	namespace, name, err := cache.SplitMetaNamespaceKey(key)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	pcb := pretty.NewContextBuilder(pretty.ServiceInstance, namespace, name, "")
	instance, err := c.instanceLister.ServiceInstances(namespace).Get(name)
	if apierrors.IsNotFound(err) {
		klog.Info(pcb.Messagef("Not doing work for %v because it has been deleted", key))
		return nil
	}
	if err != nil {
		klog.Errorf(pcb.Messagef("Unable to retrieve %v from store: %v", key, err))
		return err
	}

	return c.reconcileServiceInstance(instance)
}

// reconcileServiceInstance is the control-loop for reconciling Instances. An
// error is returned to indicate that the instance has not been fully
// processed and should be resubmitted at a later time.
func (c *controller) reconcileServiceInstance(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) error {
	updated, err := c.initObservedGeneration(instance)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if updated {
		// The updated instance will be automatically added back to the queue
		// and processed again
		return nil
	}
	updated, err = c.initOrphanMitigationCondition(instance)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if updated {
		// The updated instance will be automatically added back to the queue
		// and processed again
		return nil
	}
	reconciliationAction := getReconciliationActionForServiceInstance(instance)
	switch reconciliationAction {

	// ERIK CP
	case reconcileAdd:
		return c.reconcileServiceInstanceAdd(instance)
	case reconcileUpdate:
		return c.reconcileServiceInstanceUpdate(instance)
	case reconcileDelete:
		return c.reconcileServiceInstanceDelete(instance)
	case reconcilePoll:
		return c.pollServiceInstance(instance)
	default:
		pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
		return fmt.Errorf(pcb.Messagef("Unknown reconciliation action %v", reconciliationAction))
	}
}

// initObservedGeneration implements ObservedGeneration initialization based on
// ReconciledGeneration for status API migration.
// Returns true if the status was updated (i.e. the iteration has finished and no
// more processing needed).
func (c *controller) initObservedGeneration(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) (bool, error) {
	if instance.Status.ObservedGeneration == 0 && instance.Status.ReconciledGeneration != 0 {
		instance = instance.DeepCopy()
		instance.Status.ObservedGeneration = instance.Status.ReconciledGeneration
		// Before we implement https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/service-catalog/issues/1715
		// and switch to non-terminal errors, the "Failed":"True" is a sign that the provisioning failed
		provisioned := !isServiceInstanceFailed(instance)
		if provisioned {
			instance.Status.ProvisionStatus = v1beta1.ServiceInstanceProvisionStatusProvisioned
		} else {
			instance.Status.ProvisionStatus = v1beta1.ServiceInstanceProvisionStatusNotProvisioned
		}

		updatedInstance, err := c.updateServiceInstanceStatus(instance)
		if err != nil {
			return false, err
		}
		return updatedInstance.ResourceVersion != instance.ResourceVersion, nil
	}
	return false, nil
}

// initOrphanMitigationCondition implements OrphanMitigation condition initialization
// based on OrphanMitigationInProgress field for status API migration.
// Returns true if the status was updated (i.e. the iteration has finished and no
// more processing needed).
func (c *controller) initOrphanMitigationCondition(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) (bool, error) {
	if !isServiceInstanceOrphanMitigation(instance) && instance.Status.OrphanMitigationInProgress {
		instance := instance.DeepCopy()
		reason := startingInstanceOrphanMitigationReason
		message := startingInstanceOrphanMitigationMessage
		c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeWarning, reason, message)
		setServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionOrphanMitigation,
			v1beta1.ConditionTrue,
			reason,
			message)

		updatedInstance, err := c.updateServiceInstanceStatus(instance)
		if err != nil {
			return false, err
		}
		return updatedInstance.ResourceVersion != instance.ResourceVersion, nil
	}
	return false, nil
}

// setRetryBackoffRequired marks the specified instance/generation as needing a
// delay before the next provision/update is attempted.  We always set this flag
// before attempting a provision or update operation in case we must retry.  This
// will eventually be cleared by the background worker running
// purgeExpiredRetryEntries() or when the operation is successful.
func (c *controller) setRetryBackoffRequired(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) {
	pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
	c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.mutex.Lock()
	defer c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.mutex.Unlock()
	key := string(instance.GetUID())
	retryEntry, found := c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.instances[key]
	if !found || retryEntry.generation != instance.Generation {
		retryEntry.generation = instance.Generation

		// reset the backoff as the generation changed
		if found {
			c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.rateLimiter.Forget(key)
		}
	}
	retryEntry.dirty = true
	c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.instances[key] = retryEntry
	klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Messagef("BrokerOpRetry: added %v (%v/%v) generation %v to backoffBeforeRetrying map", key, instance.GetNamespace(), instance.GetName(), instance.Generation))
}

// backoffAndRequeueIfRetrying returns true if this is a retry and a backoff
// (delay) needs to be observed before retrying.  This only applies to
// Provisioning and Updating and is generation specific.  If the generation has
// been bumped since the instance was added to the retry map there will be no
// backoff delay.
func (c *controller) backoffAndRequeueIfRetrying(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, operation string) bool {
	pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
	key := string(instance.GetUID())
	delay := time.Millisecond * 0

	// if there is a pending delay, calculate it and clear the dirty bit
	c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.mutex.Lock()
	defer c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.mutex.Unlock()
	retryEntry, exists := c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.instances[key]
	if exists {
		if retryEntry.generation != instance.Generation {
			// the retry entry was on an old generation, we don't care,
			// cleanup and no delay
			delete(c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.instances, key)
			c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.rateLimiter.Forget(key)
			return false
		}
		if retryEntry.dirty {
			// calculate earliest retry time with exponential backoff
			retryEntry.calculatedRetryTime = time.Now().Add(c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.rateLimiter.When(key))
			retryEntry.dirty = false
			c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.instances[key] = retryEntry
			klog.V(4).Infof(pcb.Messagef("BrokerOpRetry: generation %v retryTime calculated as %v", instance.Generation, retryEntry.calculatedRetryTime))
		}

		now := time.Now()
		delay = retryEntry.calculatedRetryTime.Sub(now)

		if delay > 0 {
			msg := fmt.Sprintf("Delaying %s retry, next attempt will be after %s", operation, retryEntry.calculatedRetryTime)
			c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeWarning, "RetryBackoff", msg)
			klog.V(2).Info(pcb.Messagef("BrokerOpRetry: %s", msg))

			// add back to worker queue to retry at the specified time
			c.enqueueInstanceAfter(instance, delay)
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// purgeExpiredRetryEntries clears entries from the map that have an expired
// retry time.  Invoked by a worker on a timer.
func (c *controller) purgeExpiredRetryEntries() {
	now := time.Now()

	c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.mutex.Lock()
	defer c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.mutex.Unlock()

	// Ensure we only purge items that aren't being acted on by retries.
	// Due to queues and potential delays, only remove entries that are at
	// least maxBrokerOperationRetryDelay past next retry time to ensure
	// entries are not prematurely removed
	overDue := now.Add(-maxBrokerOperationRetryDelay)
	purgedEntries := 0
	for k, v := range c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.instances {
		if v.calculatedRetryTime.Before(overDue) {
			klog.V(5).Infof("BrokerOpRetry: removing %s from instanceOperationRetryQueue which had retry time of %v", k, v.calculatedRetryTime)
			delete(c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.instances, k)
			c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.rateLimiter.Forget(k)
			purgedEntries++
		}
	}
	klog.V(5).Infof("BrokerOpRetry: purged %v expired entries from instanceOperationRetryQueue.instances, number of entries remaining: %v", purgedEntries, len(c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.instances))

}

// removeInstanceFromRetryMap removes the instance from the retry & ratelimter maps
func (c *controller) removeInstanceFromRetryMap(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) {
	pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
	key := string(instance.GetUID())
	c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.mutex.Lock()
	defer c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.mutex.Unlock()
	delete(c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.instances, key)
	c.instanceOperationRetryQueue.rateLimiter.Forget(key)
	klog.V(4).Infof(pcb.Message("BrokerOpRetry: removed %v from instanceOperationRetryQueue"), key)
}

// reconcileServiceInstanceAdd is responsible for handling the provisioning
// of new service instances.
func (c *controller) reconcileServiceInstanceAdd(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) error {
	pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)

	if !c.isServiceInstanceStatusInitialized(instance) {
		klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Message("Initialize Status entry"))
		if err := c.initializeServiceInstanceStatus(instance); err != nil {
			klog.Errorf(pcb.Messagef("Error initializing status: %v", err))
			return err
		}
		return nil
	}

	if isServiceInstanceProcessedAlready(instance) {
		klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Message("Not processing event because status showed there is no work to do"))
		return nil
	}

	// don't DOS the broker.  If we already did a provision attempt that ended with a non-terminal
	// error wait for the exponential backoff to pass
	if c.backoffAndRequeueIfRetrying(instance, "provision") {
		return nil
	}

	instance = instance.DeepCopy()
	// Any status updates from this point should have an updated observed generation
	if instance.Status.ObservedGeneration != instance.Generation {
		c.prepareObservedGeneration(instance)
	}

	// Update references to Plan/Class if necessary.
	modified, err := c.resolveReferences(instance)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if modified {
		// resolveReferences has updated the instance, so we need to continue in the next iteration
		return nil
	}

	if !instance.IsUserSpecifiedClassOrPlan() {
		instance.RecalculatePrinterColumnStatusFields()
		updatedInstance, err := c.updateServiceInstanceStatus(instance)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		instance.ResourceVersion = updatedInstance.ResourceVersion
	}

	if utilfeature.DefaultFeatureGate.Enabled(scfeatures.ServicePlanDefaults) {
		// Apply default provisioning parameters, this must be done after we've resolved the class and plan
		modified, err = c.applyDefaultProvisioningParameters(instance)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if modified {
			// the instance was updated with new parameters, so we need to continue in the next iteration
			return nil
		}
	}

	klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Message("Processing adding event"))

	request, inProgressProperties, err := c.prepareProvisionRequest(instance)
	if err != nil {
		return c.handleServiceInstanceReconciliationError(instance, err)
	}

	if instance.Status.CurrentOperation == "" || !isServiceInstancePropertiesStateEqual(instance.Status.InProgressProperties, inProgressProperties) {
		updatedInstance, err := c.recordStartOfServiceInstanceOperation(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceOperationProvision, inProgressProperties)
		if err != nil {
			// There has been an update to the instance. Start reconciliation
			// over with a fresh view of the instance.
			return err
		}
		if updatedInstance.ResourceVersion != instance.ResourceVersion {
			// recordStartOfServiceInstanceOperation has updated the instance, so we need to continue in the next iteration
			return nil
		}
		instance = updatedInstance
	} else if instance.Status.DeprovisionStatus != v1beta1.ServiceInstanceDeprovisionStatusRequired {
		instance.Status.DeprovisionStatus = v1beta1.ServiceInstanceDeprovisionStatusRequired
		updatedInstance, err := c.updateServiceInstanceStatus(instance)
		if err != nil {
			// There has been an update to the instance. Start reconciliation
			// over with a fresh view of the instance.
			return err
		}
		if updatedInstance.ResourceVersion != instance.ResourceVersion {
			// instance has been updated, we will to continue in the next iteration
			return nil
		}
		instance = updatedInstance
	}

	var prettyClass string
	var brokerName string
	var brokerClient osb.Client
	if instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassSpecified() {
		var serviceClass *v1beta1.ClusterServiceClass
		serviceClass, _, brokerName, brokerClient, _ = c.getClusterServiceClassPlanAndClusterServiceBroker(instance)
		prettyClass = pretty.ClusterServiceClassName(serviceClass)
	} else {
		var serviceClass *v1beta1.ServiceClass
		serviceClass, _, brokerName, brokerClient, _ = c.getServiceClassPlanAndServiceBroker(instance)
		prettyClass = pretty.ServiceClassName(serviceClass)
	}

	klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Messagef(
		"Provisioning a new ServiceInstance of %s at Broker %q",
		prettyClass, brokerName,
	))

	c.setRetryBackoffRequired(instance)
	response, err := brokerClient.ProvisionInstance(request)
	if err != nil {
		if httpErr, ok := osb.IsHTTPError(err); ok {
			msg := fmt.Sprintf(
				"Error provisioning ServiceInstance of %s at ClusterServiceBroker %q: %s",
				prettyClass, brokerName, httpErr,
			)
			readyCond := newServiceInstanceReadyCondition(v1beta1.ConditionFalse, errorProvisionCallFailedReason, msg)
			// Depending on the specific response, we may need to initiate orphan mitigation.
			shouldMitigateOrphan := shouldStartOrphanMitigation(httpErr.StatusCode)
			if isRetriableHTTPStatus(httpErr.StatusCode) {
				return c.processTemporaryProvisionFailure(instance, readyCond, shouldMitigateOrphan)
			}
			// A failure with a given HTTP response code is treated as a terminal
			// failure.
			failedCond := newServiceInstanceFailedCondition(v1beta1.ConditionTrue, "ClusterServiceBrokerReturnedFailure", msg)
			return c.processTerminalProvisionFailure(instance, readyCond, failedCond, shouldMitigateOrphan)
		}

		reason := errorErrorCallingProvisionReason

		// A timeout error is considered a retriable error, but we
		// should initiate orphan mitigation.
		if urlErr, ok := err.(*url.Error); ok && urlErr.Timeout() {
			msg := fmt.Sprintf("Communication with the ClusterServiceBroker timed out; operation will be retried: %v", urlErr)
			readyCond := newServiceInstanceReadyCondition(v1beta1.ConditionFalse, reason, msg)
			return c.processTemporaryProvisionFailure(instance, readyCond, true)
		}

		// All other errors should be retried, unless the
		// reconciliation retry time limit has passed.
		msg := fmt.Sprintf("The provision call failed and will be retried: Error communicating with broker for provisioning: %v", err)
		readyCond := newServiceInstanceReadyCondition(v1beta1.ConditionFalse, reason, msg)

		if c.reconciliationRetryDurationExceeded(instance.Status.OperationStartTime) {
			msg := "Stopping reconciliation retries because too much time has elapsed"
			failedCond := newServiceInstanceFailedCondition(v1beta1.ConditionTrue, errorReconciliationRetryTimeoutReason, msg)
			return c.processTerminalProvisionFailure(instance, readyCond, failedCond, false)
		}

		return c.processServiceInstanceOperationError(instance, readyCond)
	}

	if response.Async {
		return c.processProvisionAsyncResponse(instance, response)
	}

	return c.processProvisionSuccess(instance, response.DashboardURL)
}

// reconcileServiceInstanceUpdate is responsible for handling updating the plan
// or parameters of a service instance.
func (c *controller) reconcileServiceInstanceUpdate(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) error {
	pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)

	if isServiceInstanceProcessedAlready(instance) {
		klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Message("Not processing event because status showed there is no work to do"))
		return nil
	}

	// don't DOS the broker.  If we already did an update attempt that ended with a non-terminal
	// error wait for the exponential backoff to pass
	if c.backoffAndRequeueIfRetrying(instance, "update") {
		return nil
	}

	instance = instance.DeepCopy()
	// Any status updates from this point should have an updated observed generation
	if instance.Status.ObservedGeneration != instance.Generation {
		c.prepareObservedGeneration(instance)
	}

	// Update references to ClusterServicePlan / ClusterServiceClass if necessary.
	modified, err := c.resolveReferences(instance)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if modified {
		// resolveReferences has updated the instance, so we need to continue in the next iteration
		return nil
	}

	klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Message("Processing updating event"))

	var brokerClient osb.Client
	var request *osb.UpdateInstanceRequest

	if instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassSpecified() {

		serviceClass, servicePlan, brokerName, bClient, err := c.getClusterServiceClassPlanAndClusterServiceBroker(instance)
		if err != nil {
			return c.handleServiceInstanceReconciliationError(instance, err)
		}

		brokerClient = bClient

		// Check if the ServiceClass or ServicePlan has been deleted. If so, do
		// not allow plan upgrades, but do allow parameter changes.
		if err := c.checkForRemovedClusterClassAndPlan(instance, serviceClass, servicePlan); err != nil {
			return c.handleServiceInstanceReconciliationError(instance, err)
		}

		req, inProgressProperties, err := c.prepareUpdateInstanceRequest(instance)
		if err != nil {
			return c.handleServiceInstanceReconciliationError(instance, err)
		}
		request = req

		if instance.Status.CurrentOperation == "" || !isServiceInstancePropertiesStateEqual(instance.Status.InProgressProperties, inProgressProperties) {
			updatedInstance, err := c.recordStartOfServiceInstanceOperation(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceOperationUpdate, inProgressProperties)
			if err != nil {
				// There has been an update to the instance. Start reconciliation
				// over with a fresh view of the instance.
				return err
			}
			if updatedInstance.ResourceVersion != instance.ResourceVersion {
				// recordStartOfServiceInstanceOperation has updated the instance, so we need to continue in the next iteration
				return nil
			}
			instance = updatedInstance
		}

		klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Messagef(
			"Updating ServiceInstance of %s at ClusterServiceBroker %q",
			pretty.ClusterServiceClassName(serviceClass), brokerName,
		))

	} else if instance.Spec.ServiceClassSpecified() {

		serviceClass, servicePlan, brokerName, bClient, err := c.getServiceClassPlanAndServiceBroker(instance)
		if err != nil {
			return c.handleServiceInstanceReconciliationError(instance, err)
		}

		brokerClient = bClient

		// Check if the ServiceClass or ServicePlan has been deleted. If so, do
		// not allow plan upgrades, but do allow parameter changes.
		if err := c.checkForRemovedClassAndPlan(instance, serviceClass, servicePlan); err != nil {
			return c.handleServiceInstanceReconciliationError(instance, err)
		}

		req, inProgressProperties, err := c.prepareUpdateInstanceRequest(instance)
		if err != nil {
			return c.handleServiceInstanceReconciliationError(instance, err)
		}
		request = req

		if instance.Status.CurrentOperation == "" || !isServiceInstancePropertiesStateEqual(instance.Status.InProgressProperties, inProgressProperties) {
			updatedInstance, err := c.recordStartOfServiceInstanceOperation(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceOperationUpdate, inProgressProperties)
			if err != nil {
				// There has been an update to the instance. Start reconciliation
				// over with a fresh view of the instance.
				return err
			}
			if updatedInstance.ResourceVersion != instance.ResourceVersion {
				// recordStartOfServiceInstanceOperation has updated the instance, so we need to continue in the next iteration
				return nil
			}
			instance = updatedInstance
		}

		klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Messagef(
			"Updating ServiceInstance of %s at ServiceBroker %q",
			pretty.ServiceClassName(serviceClass), brokerName,
		))
	}

	if !instance.IsUserSpecifiedClassOrPlan() {
		instance.RecalculatePrinterColumnStatusFields()
		updatedInstance, err := c.updateServiceInstanceStatus(instance)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		instance.ResourceVersion = updatedInstance.ResourceVersion
	}

	c.setRetryBackoffRequired(instance)
	response, err := brokerClient.UpdateInstance(request)
	if err != nil {
		if httpErr, ok := osb.IsHTTPError(err); ok {
			if isRetriableHTTPStatus(httpErr.StatusCode) {
				msg := fmt.Sprintf("ServiceBroker returned a failure for update call; update will be retried: %v", httpErr)
				readyCond := newServiceInstanceReadyCondition(v1beta1.ConditionFalse, errorUpdateInstanceCallFailedReason, msg)
				return c.processTemporaryUpdateServiceInstanceFailure(instance, readyCond)
			}
			// A failure with a given HTTP response code is treated as a terminal
			// failure.
			msg := fmt.Sprintf("ServiceBroker returned a failure for update call; update will not be retried: %v", httpErr)
			readyCond := newServiceInstanceReadyCondition(v1beta1.ConditionFalse, errorUpdateInstanceCallFailedReason, msg)
			failedCond := newServiceInstanceFailedCondition(v1beta1.ConditionTrue, errorUpdateInstanceCallFailedReason, msg)
			return c.processTerminalUpdateServiceInstanceFailure(instance, readyCond, failedCond)
		}

		reason := errorErrorCallingUpdateInstanceReason

		if urlErr, ok := err.(*url.Error); ok && urlErr.Timeout() {
			msg := fmt.Sprintf("Communication with the ServiceBroker timed out; update will be retried: %v", urlErr)
			readyCond := newServiceInstanceReadyCondition(v1beta1.ConditionFalse, reason, msg)
			return c.processTemporaryUpdateServiceInstanceFailure(instance, readyCond)
		}

		msg := fmt.Sprintf("The update call failed and will be retried: Error communicating with broker for updating: %s", err)

		if c.reconciliationRetryDurationExceeded(instance.Status.OperationStartTime) {
			// log and record the real error, but process as a
			// failure with reconciliation retry timeout
			klog.Info(pcb.Message(msg))
			c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeWarning, reason, msg)

			msg = "Stopping reconciliation retries because too much time has elapsed"
			readyCond := newServiceInstanceReadyCondition(v1beta1.ConditionFalse, errorReconciliationRetryTimeoutReason, msg)
			failedCond := newServiceInstanceFailedCondition(v1beta1.ConditionTrue, errorReconciliationRetryTimeoutReason, msg)
			return c.processTerminalUpdateServiceInstanceFailure(instance, readyCond, failedCond)
		}

		readyCond := newServiceInstanceReadyCondition(v1beta1.ConditionFalse, reason, msg)
		return c.processServiceInstanceOperationError(instance, readyCond)
	}

	if utilfeature.DefaultFeatureGate.Enabled(scfeatures.UpdateDashboardURL) {
		if *response.DashboardURL != "" {
			instance.Status.DashboardURL = response.DashboardURL
		}
	}
	if response.Async {
		return c.processUpdateServiceInstanceAsyncResponse(instance, response)
	}

	return c.processUpdateServiceInstanceSuccess(instance)
}

// reconcileServiceInstanceDelete is responsible for handling any instance whose
// deletion timestamp is set.
func (c *controller) reconcileServiceInstanceDelete(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) error {
	if finalizers := sets.NewString(instance.Finalizers...); !finalizers.Has(v1beta1.FinalizerServiceCatalog) {
		return nil
	}

	pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)

	// If deprovisioning has already failed, do not do anything more
	if instance.Status.DeprovisionStatus == v1beta1.ServiceInstanceDeprovisionStatusFailed {
		klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Message("Not processing deleting event because deprovisioning has failed"))
		return nil
	}

	if instance.Status.OrphanMitigationInProgress {
		klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Message("Performing orphan mitigation"))
	} else {
		klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Message("Processing deleting event"))
	}

	instance = instance.DeepCopy()
	// Any status updates from this point should have an updated observed generation
	// except for the orphan mitigation (it is considered to be a continuation
	// of the previously failed provisioning operation).
	if !instance.Status.OrphanMitigationInProgress && instance.Status.ObservedGeneration != instance.Generation {
		c.prepareObservedGeneration(instance)
	}

	// If the deprovisioning succeeded or is not needed, then no need to
	// make a request to the broker.
	if instance.Status.DeprovisionStatus == v1beta1.ServiceInstanceDeprovisionStatusNotRequired ||
		instance.Status.DeprovisionStatus == v1beta1.ServiceInstanceDeprovisionStatusSucceeded {

		return c.processServiceInstanceGracefulDeletionSuccess(instance)
	}

	// DeprovisionStatus can be empty only when the 'reconcileServiceInstanceAdd' handler
	// was not triggered at all. It may happen when creation and deletion operations
	// were requested immediately one after another. This is a corner case scenario,
	// happens during e2e tests
	if instance.Status.DeprovisionStatus == "" {
		klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Message("Deprovision status is empty"))
		return c.processServiceInstanceGracefulDeletionSuccess(instance)
	}

	// At this point, if the deprovision status is not Required, then it is
	// either an invalid value or there is a logical error in the controller.
	// Set the deprovision status to Failed and bail out.
	if instance.Status.DeprovisionStatus != v1beta1.ServiceInstanceDeprovisionStatusRequired {
		msg := fmt.Sprintf("ServiceInstance has invalid DeprovisionStatus field: %v", instance.Status.DeprovisionStatus)
		readyCond := newServiceInstanceReadyCondition(v1beta1.ConditionUnknown, errorInvalidDeprovisionStatusReason, msg)
		failedCond := newServiceInstanceFailedCondition(v1beta1.ConditionTrue, errorInvalidDeprovisionStatusReason, msg)
		return c.processDeprovisionFailure(instance, readyCond, failedCond)
	}

	// We don't want to delete the instance if there are any bindings associated.
	if err := c.checkServiceInstanceHasExistingBindings(instance); err != nil {
		// if the CascadingDeletion feature flag is set, delete existing bindings instead of update the status with an error
		if utilfeature.DefaultFeatureGate.Enabled(scfeatures.CascadingDeletion) {
			err := c.deleteExistingBindings(instance)
			if err != nil {
				klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Messagef("unable to delete existing bindings: %s", err.Error()))
				return c.processDeprovisionError(instance, fmt.Sprintf("Delete existing ServiceBinding failed: %v", err.Error()))
			}
			return c.processServiceBindingsDeletion(instance)
		}
		return c.handleServiceInstanceReconciliationError(instance, err)
	}

	var prettyName string
	var brokerName string
	var brokerClient osb.Client
	if instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassSpecified() {
		serviceClass, name, bClient, err := c.getClusterServiceClassAndClusterServiceBroker(instance)
		if err != nil {
			return c.handleServiceInstanceReconciliationError(instance, err)
		}

		brokerName = name
		brokerClient = bClient
		// we need the serviceClass SOLELY to get a value for a msg string >:(
		prettyName = pretty.ClusterServiceClassName(serviceClass)
	} else if instance.Spec.ServiceClassSpecified() {
		serviceClass, name, bClient, err := c.getServiceClassAndServiceBroker(instance)
		if err != nil {
			return c.handleServiceInstanceReconciliationError(instance, err)
		}

		brokerName = name
		brokerClient = bClient
		// we need the serviceClass SOLELY to get a value for a msg string >:(
		prettyName = pretty.ServiceClassName(serviceClass)
	}

	request, inProgressProperties, err := c.prepareDeprovisionRequest(instance)
	if err != nil {
		return c.handleServiceInstanceReconciliationError(instance, err)
	}

	if instance.DeletionTimestamp == nil {
		// Orphan mitigation
		if instance.Status.OperationStartTime == nil {
			// if mitigating an orphan, set the operation start time if unset
			now := metav1.Now()
			instance.Status.OperationStartTime = &now
		}
	} else {
		if instance.Status.CurrentOperation != v1beta1.ServiceInstanceOperationDeprovision {
			if instance.Status.OrphanMitigationInProgress {
				// There is no need in tracking orphan mitigation separately
				// from the normal deletion
				removeServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionOrphanMitigation)
				instance.Status.OrphanMitigationInProgress = false
			}
			updatedInstance, err := c.recordStartOfServiceInstanceOperation(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceOperationDeprovision, inProgressProperties)
			if err != nil {
				// There has been an update to the instance. Start reconciliation
				// over with a fresh view of the instance.
				return err
			}
			if updatedInstance.ResourceVersion != instance.ResourceVersion {
				// recordStartOfServiceInstanceOperation has updated the instance, so we need to continue in the next iteration
				return nil
			}
			instance = updatedInstance
		}
	}

	klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Message("Sending deprovision request to broker"))
	response, err := brokerClient.DeprovisionInstance(request)
	if err != nil {
		msg := fmt.Sprintf(
			`Error deprovisioning, %s at ClusterServiceBroker %q: %v`,
			prettyName, brokerName, err,
		)
		if httpErr, ok := osb.IsHTTPError(err); ok {
			msg = fmt.Sprintf("Deprovision call failed; received error response from broker: %v", httpErr)
		}

		return c.processDeprovisionError(instance, msg)
	}

	if response.Async {
		return c.processDeprovisionAsyncResponse(instance, response)
	}

	return c.processDeprovisionSuccess(instance)
}

func (c *controller) processDeprovisionError(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, msg string) error {
	readyCond := newServiceInstanceReadyCondition(v1beta1.ConditionUnknown, errorDeprovisionCallFailedReason, msg)

	if c.reconciliationRetryDurationExceeded(instance.Status.OperationStartTime) {
		msg := "Stopping reconciliation retries because too much time has elapsed"
		failedCond := newServiceInstanceFailedCondition(v1beta1.ConditionTrue, errorReconciliationRetryTimeoutReason, msg)
		return c.processDeprovisionFailure(instance, readyCond, failedCond)
	}

	return c.processServiceInstanceOperationError(instance, readyCond)
}

func (c *controller) pollServiceInstance(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) error {
	pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
	klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Message("Processing poll event"))

	instance = instance.DeepCopy()

	var brokerClient osb.Client
	var err error
	if instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassSpecified() {
		_, _, brokerClient, err = c.getClusterServiceClassAndClusterServiceBroker(instance)
	} else {
		_, _, brokerClient, err = c.getServiceClassAndServiceBroker(instance)
	}
	if err != nil {
		return c.handleServiceInstanceReconciliationError(instance, err)
	}

	// There are some conditions that are different depending on which
	// operation we're polling for. This is more readable than checking the
	// status in various places.
	mitigatingOrphan := instance.Status.OrphanMitigationInProgress
	provisioning := instance.Status.CurrentOperation == v1beta1.ServiceInstanceOperationProvision && !mitigatingOrphan
	deleting := instance.Status.CurrentOperation == v1beta1.ServiceInstanceOperationDeprovision || mitigatingOrphan

	request, err := c.prepareServiceInstanceLastOperationRequest(instance)
	if err != nil {
		return c.handleServiceInstanceReconciliationError(instance, err)
	}

	klog.V(5).Info(pcb.Message("Polling last operation"))

	response, err := brokerClient.PollLastOperation(request)
	if err != nil {
		// If the operation was for delete and we receive a http.StatusGone,
		// this is considered a success as per the spec
		if osb.IsGoneError(err) && deleting {
			if err := c.processDeprovisionSuccess(instance); err != nil {
				return c.handleServiceInstancePollingError(instance, err)
			}
			return c.finishPollingServiceInstance(instance)
		}

		reason := errorPollingLastOperationReason
		message := fmt.Sprintf("Error polling last operation: %v", err)
		klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Message(message))
		readyCond := newServiceInstanceReadyCondition(v1beta1.ConditionFalse, reason, message)

		if c.reconciliationRetryDurationExceeded(instance.Status.OperationStartTime) {
			return c.processServiceInstancePollingFailureRetryTimeout(instance, readyCond)
		}

		if httpErr, ok := osb.IsHTTPError(err); ok {
			if isRetriableHTTPStatus(httpErr.StatusCode) {
				return c.processServiceInstancePollingTemporaryFailure(instance, readyCond)
			}
			// A failure with a given HTTP response code is treated as a terminal
			// failure.
			failedCond := newServiceInstanceFailedCondition(v1beta1.ConditionTrue, reason, message)
			return c.processServiceInstancePollingTerminalFailure(instance, readyCond, failedCond)
		}

		// Unknown error: update status and continue polling
		return c.processServiceInstancePollingTemporaryFailure(instance, readyCond)
	}

	description := "(no description provided)"
	if response.Description != nil {
		description = *response.Description
	}
	klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Messagef("Poll returned %q : %q", response.State, description))

	switch response.State {
	case osb.StateInProgress:
		var message string
		var reason string
		switch {
		case deleting:
			reason = asyncDeprovisioningReason
			message = asyncDeprovisioningMessage
		case provisioning:
			reason = asyncProvisioningReason
			message = asyncProvisioningMessage
		default:
			reason = asyncUpdatingInstanceReason
			message = asyncUpdatingInstanceMessage
		}

		if response.Description != nil {
			message = fmt.Sprintf("%s (%s)", message, *response.Description)
		}

		readyCond := newServiceInstanceReadyCondition(v1beta1.ConditionFalse, reason, message)
		if c.reconciliationRetryDurationExceeded(instance.Status.OperationStartTime) {
			return c.processServiceInstancePollingFailureRetryTimeout(instance, readyCond)
		}

		// only need to update the resource if there was a description for the operation provided
		if response.Description != nil {
			c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeNormal, readyCond.Reason, readyCond.Message)

			setServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionReady, readyCond.Status, readyCond.Reason, readyCond.Message)
			if _, err := c.updateServiceInstanceStatus(instance); err != nil {
				return c.handleServiceInstancePollingError(instance, err)
			}
		}

		klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Message("Last operation not completed (still in progress)"))
		return c.continuePollingServiceInstance(instance)
	case osb.StateSucceeded:
		var err error
		switch {
		case deleting:
			err = c.processDeprovisionSuccess(instance)
		case provisioning:
			err = c.processProvisionSuccess(instance, nil)
		default:
			err = c.processUpdateServiceInstanceSuccess(instance)
		}
		if err != nil {
			return c.handleServiceInstancePollingError(instance, err)
		}
		return c.finishPollingServiceInstance(instance)
	case osb.StateFailed:
		var err error
		switch {
		case deleting:
			// For deprovisioning only, we should reattempt even on failure
			msg := "Deprovision call failed: " + description
			readyCond := newServiceInstanceReadyCondition(v1beta1.ConditionUnknown, errorDeprovisionCallFailedReason, msg)

			if c.reconciliationRetryDurationExceeded(instance.Status.OperationStartTime) {
				return c.processServiceInstancePollingFailureRetryTimeout(instance, readyCond)
			}

			clearServiceInstanceAsyncOsbOperation(instance)
			c.finishPollingServiceInstance(instance)

			return c.processServiceInstanceOperationError(instance, readyCond)
		case provisioning:
			reason := errorProvisionCallFailedReason
			message := "Provision call failed: " + description
			readyCond := newServiceInstanceReadyCondition(v1beta1.ConditionFalse, reason, message)
			failedCond := newServiceInstanceFailedCondition(v1beta1.ConditionTrue, reason, message)
			err = c.processTerminalProvisionFailure(instance, readyCond, failedCond, true)
		default:
			reason := errorUpdateInstanceCallFailedReason
			message := "Update call failed: " + description
			readyCond := newServiceInstanceReadyCondition(v1beta1.ConditionFalse, reason, message)
			failedCond := newServiceInstanceFailedCondition(v1beta1.ConditionTrue, reason, message)
			err = c.processTerminalUpdateServiceInstanceFailure(instance, readyCond, failedCond)
		}
		if err != nil {
			return c.handleServiceInstancePollingError(instance, err)
		}

		return c.finishPollingServiceInstance(instance)
	default:
		message := pcb.Messagef("Got invalid state in LastOperationResponse: %q", response.State)
		klog.Warning(message)
		if c.reconciliationRetryDurationExceeded(instance.Status.OperationStartTime) {
			readyCond := newServiceInstanceReadyCondition(v1beta1.ConditionUnknown, errorPollingLastOperationReason, message)
			return c.processServiceInstancePollingFailureRetryTimeout(instance, readyCond)
		}

		err := fmt.Errorf(`Got invalid state in LastOperationResponse: %q`, response.State)
		return c.handleServiceInstancePollingError(instance, err)
	}
}

// clearServiceInstanceAsyncOsbOperation will reset the given instance's
// asynchronous OSB operation status fields. Note: This does not clear the
// Service Catalog operation, only the concept of "operation" as part of the
// OSB async flow.
func clearServiceInstanceAsyncOsbOperation(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) {
	instance.Status.AsyncOpInProgress = false
	instance.Status.LastOperation = nil
}

// isServiceInstanceProcessedAlready returns true if there is no further processing
// needed for the instance based on ObservedGeneration
func isServiceInstanceProcessedAlready(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) bool {
	// The observed generation is considered to be reconciled if either of the
	// conditions is set to true and there is no orphan mitigation pending
	return instance.Status.ObservedGeneration >= instance.Generation &&
		(isServiceInstanceReady(instance) || isServiceInstanceFailed(instance)) &&
		!instance.Status.OrphanMitigationInProgress
}

// processServiceInstancePollingFailureRetryTimeout marks the instance as having
// failed polling due to its reconciliation retry duration expiring
func (c *controller) processServiceInstancePollingFailureRetryTimeout(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, readyCond *v1beta1.ServiceInstanceCondition) error {
	msg := "Stopping reconciliation retries because too much time has elapsed"
	failedCond := newServiceInstanceFailedCondition(v1beta1.ConditionTrue, errorReconciliationRetryTimeoutReason, msg)
	return c.processServiceInstancePollingTerminalFailure(instance, readyCond, failedCond)
}

// processServiceInstancePollingTerminalFailure marks the instance as having
// failed polling due to terminal error
func (c *controller) processServiceInstancePollingTerminalFailure(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, readyCond, failedCond *v1beta1.ServiceInstanceCondition) error {
	mitigatingOrphan := instance.Status.OrphanMitigationInProgress
	provisioning := instance.Status.CurrentOperation == v1beta1.ServiceInstanceOperationProvision && !mitigatingOrphan
	deleting := instance.Status.CurrentOperation == v1beta1.ServiceInstanceOperationDeprovision || mitigatingOrphan

	var err error
	switch {
	case deleting:
		err = c.processDeprovisionFailure(instance, readyCond, failedCond)
	case provisioning:
		// always finish polling instance, as triggering OM will return an error
		c.finishPollingServiceInstance(instance)
		return c.processTerminalProvisionFailure(instance, readyCond, failedCond, true)
	default:
		readyCond := newServiceInstanceReadyCondition(v1beta1.ConditionFalse, failedCond.Reason, failedCond.Message)
		err = c.processTerminalUpdateServiceInstanceFailure(instance, readyCond, failedCond)
	}
	if err != nil {
		c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeWarning, failedCond.Reason, failedCond.Message)
		return c.handleServiceInstancePollingError(instance, err)
	}

	return c.finishPollingServiceInstance(instance)
}

// processServiceInstancePollingTemporaryFailure marks the instance as having
// failed polling with a temporary error
func (c *controller) processServiceInstancePollingTemporaryFailure(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, readyCond *v1beta1.ServiceInstanceCondition) error {
	c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeWarning, readyCond.Reason, readyCond.Message)
	setServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionReady, readyCond.Status, readyCond.Reason, readyCond.Message)

	if _, err := c.updateServiceInstanceStatus(instance); err != nil {
		return c.handleServiceInstancePollingError(instance, err)
	}

	// The instance will be requeued in any case, since we updated the status
	// a few lines above.
	// But we still need to return a non-nil error for retriable errors and
	// orphan mitigation to avoid resetting the rate limiter.
	return fmt.Errorf(readyCond.Message)
}

// resolveReferences checks to see if (Cluster)ServiceClassRef and/or (Cluster)ServicePlanRef are
// nil and if so, will resolve the references and update the instance.
// If references needed to be resolved, and the instance status was successfully updated, the method returns true
// If either can not be resolved, returns an error and sets the InstanceCondition
// with the appropriate error message.
func (c *controller) resolveReferences(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) (bool, error) {
	if instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassSpecified() {
		return c.resolveClusterReferences(instance)
	} else if instance.Spec.ServiceClassSpecified() {
		return c.resolveNamespacedReferences(instance)
	}

	return false, stderrors.New(errorAmbiguousPlanReferenceScope)
}

func (c *controller) resolveClusterReferences(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) (bool, error) {
	if instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassRef != nil && instance.Spec.ClusterServicePlanRef != nil {
		return false, nil
	}

	var sc *v1beta1.ClusterServiceClass
	var err error
	if instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassRef == nil {
		sc, err = c.resolveClusterServiceClassRef(instance)
		if err != nil {
			pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
			klog.Warning(pcb.Message(err.Error()))
			updatedInstance, _ := c.updateServiceInstanceCondition(
				instance,
				v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionReady,
				v1beta1.ConditionFalse,
				errorNonexistentClusterServiceClassReason,
				"The instance references a ClusterServiceClass that does not exist. "+err.Error(),
			)
			c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeWarning, errorNonexistentClusterServiceClassReason, err.Error())
			return updatedInstance.ResourceVersion != instance.ResourceVersion, err
		}
	}

	if instance.Spec.ClusterServicePlanRef == nil {
		if sc == nil {
			sc, err = c.clusterServiceClassLister.Get(instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassRef.Name)
			if err != nil {
				return false, fmt.Errorf(`couldn't find ClusterServiceClass "(K8S: %s)": %v`, instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassRef.Name, err.Error())
			}
		}

		err = c.resolveClusterServicePlanRef(instance, sc.Spec.ClusterServiceBrokerName)
		if err != nil {
			pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
			klog.Warning(pcb.Message(err.Error()))
			updatedInstance, _ := c.updateServiceInstanceCondition(
				instance,
				v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionReady,
				v1beta1.ConditionFalse,
				errorNonexistentClusterServicePlanReason,
				"The instance references a ClusterServicePlan that does not exist. "+err.Error(),
			)
			c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeWarning, errorNonexistentClusterServicePlanReason, err.Error())
			return updatedInstance.ResourceVersion != instance.ResourceVersion, err
		}
	}
	updatedInstance, err := c.updateServiceInstanceReferences(instance)
	return updatedInstance.ResourceVersion != instance.ResourceVersion, err
}

func (c *controller) resolveNamespacedReferences(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) (bool, error) {
	if instance.Spec.ServiceClassRef != nil && instance.Spec.ServicePlanRef != nil {
		return false, nil
	}

	var sc *v1beta1.ServiceClass
	var err error
	if instance.Spec.ServiceClassRef == nil {
		sc, err = c.resolveServiceClassRef(instance)
		if err != nil {
			pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
			klog.Warning(pcb.Message(err.Error()))
			updatedInstance, _ := c.updateServiceInstanceCondition(
				instance,
				v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionReady,
				v1beta1.ConditionFalse,
				errorNonexistentServiceClassReason,
				"The instance references a ServiceClass that does not exist. "+err.Error(),
			)
			c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeWarning, errorNonexistentServiceClassReason, err.Error())
			return updatedInstance.ResourceVersion != instance.ResourceVersion, err
		}
	}

	if instance.Spec.ServicePlanRef == nil {
		if sc == nil {
			sc, err = c.serviceClassLister.ServiceClasses(instance.Namespace).Get(instance.Spec.ServiceClassRef.Name)
			if err != nil {
				return false, fmt.Errorf(`couldn't find ServiceClass "(K8S: %s)": %v`, instance.Spec.ServiceClassRef.Name, err.Error())
			}
		}

		err = c.resolveServicePlanRef(instance, sc.Spec.ServiceBrokerName)
		if err != nil {
			pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
			klog.Warning(pcb.Message(err.Error()))
			updatedInstance, _ := c.updateServiceInstanceCondition(
				instance,
				v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionReady,
				v1beta1.ConditionFalse,
				errorNonexistentServicePlanReason,
				"The instance references a ServicePlan that does not exist. "+err.Error(),
			)
			c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeWarning, errorNonexistentServicePlanReason, err.Error())
			return updatedInstance.ResourceVersion != instance.ResourceVersion, err
		}
	}
	updatedInstance, err := c.updateServiceInstanceReferences(instance)
	return updatedInstance.ResourceVersion != instance.ResourceVersion, err
}

// resolveClusterServiceClassRef resolves a reference  to a ClusterServiceClass
// and updates the instance.
// If ClusterServiceClass can not be resolved, returns an error, records an
// Event, and sets the InstanceCondition with the appropriate error message.
func (c *controller) resolveClusterServiceClassRef(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) (*v1beta1.ClusterServiceClass, error) {
	if !instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassSpecified() {
		// ServiceInstance is in invalid state, should not ever happen. check
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ServiceInstance %s/%s is in invalid state, neither ClusterServiceClassExternalName, ClusterServiceClassExternalID, nor ClusterServiceClassName is set", instance.Namespace, instance.Name)
	}

	pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
	var sc *v1beta1.ClusterServiceClass

	if instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassName != "" {
		klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Messagef("looking up a ClusterServiceClass from K8S Name: %q", instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassName))

		var err error
		sc, err = c.clusterServiceClassLister.Get(instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassName)
		if err == nil {
			instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassRef = &v1beta1.ClusterObjectReference{
				Name: sc.Name,
			}
			klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Messagef(
				"resolved ClusterServiceClass %c to ClusterServiceClass with external Name %q",
				instance.Spec.PlanReference, sc.Spec.ExternalName,
			))
		} else {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf(
				"References a non-existent ClusterServiceClass %c",
				instance.Spec.PlanReference,
			)
		}
	} else {
		filterLabel := instance.Spec.GetClusterServiceClassFilterLabelName()
		filterValue := instance.Spec.GetSpecifiedClusterServiceClass()
		klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Messagef("looking up a ClusterServiceClass from %s: %q", filterLabel, filterValue))
		labelSelector := labels.SelectorFromSet(labels.Set{
			filterLabel: util.GenerateSHA(filterValue),
		}).String()

		listOpts := metav1.ListOptions{
			LabelSelector: labelSelector,
		}

		serviceClasses, err := c.serviceCatalogClient.ClusterServiceClasses().List(context.Background(), listOpts)
		klog.Info(pcb.Messagef("Found %d ClusterServiceClasses", len(serviceClasses.Items)))

		if err == nil && len(serviceClasses.Items) == 1 {
			sc = &serviceClasses.Items[0]
			instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassRef = &v1beta1.ClusterObjectReference{
				Name: sc.Name,
			}
			klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Messagef(
				"resolved %c to ClusterServiceClass %q",
				instance.Spec.PlanReference, sc.Name,
			))
		} else {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf(
				"References a non-existent ClusterServiceClass %c or there is more than one (found: %d)",
				instance.Spec.PlanReference, len(serviceClasses.Items),
			)
		}

		klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Messagef(
			"resolved %c to ClusterServiceClass %q",
			instance.Spec.PlanReference, sc.Name,
		))
	}

	return sc, nil
}

// resolveServiceClassRef resolves a reference to a ServiceClass
// and updates the instance.
// If ServiceClass can not be resolved, returns an error, records an
// Event, and sets the InstanceCondition with the appropriate error message.
func (c *controller) resolveServiceClassRef(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) (*v1beta1.ServiceClass, error) {
	if !instance.Spec.ServiceClassSpecified() {
		// ServiceInstance is in invalid state, should not ever happen. check
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ServiceInstance %s/%s is in invalid state, neither ServiceClassExternalName, ServiceClassExternalID, nor ServiceClassName is set", instance.Namespace, instance.Name)
	}

	pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
	var sc *v1beta1.ServiceClass

	if instance.Spec.ServiceClassName != "" {
		klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Messagef("looking up a ServiceClass from K8S Name: %q", instance.Spec.ServiceClassName))

		var err error
		sc, err = c.serviceClassLister.ServiceClasses(instance.Namespace).Get(instance.Spec.ServiceClassName)
		if err == nil {
			instance.Spec.ServiceClassRef = &v1beta1.LocalObjectReference{
				Name: sc.Name,
			}
			klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Messagef(
				"resolved ServiceClass %c to ServiceClass with external Name %q",
				instance.Spec.PlanReference, sc.Spec.ExternalName,
			))
		} else {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf(
				"References a non-existent ServiceClass %c",
				instance.Spec.PlanReference,
			)
		}
	} else {
		filterLabel := instance.Spec.GetServiceClassFilterLabelName()
		filterValue := instance.Spec.GetSpecifiedServiceClass()

		klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Messagef("looking up a ServiceClass from %s: %q", filterLabel, filterValue))

		labelSelector := labels.SelectorFromSet(labels.Set{
			filterLabel: util.GenerateSHA(filterValue),
		}).String()

		listOpts := metav1.ListOptions{
			LabelSelector: labelSelector,
		}

		serviceClasses, err := c.serviceCatalogClient.ServiceClasses(instance.Namespace).List(context.Background(), listOpts)
		klog.Info(pcb.Messagef("Found %d ServiceClasses", len(serviceClasses.Items)))

		if err == nil && len(serviceClasses.Items) == 1 {
			sc = &serviceClasses.Items[0]
			instance.Spec.ServiceClassRef = &v1beta1.LocalObjectReference{
				Name: sc.Name,
			}
			klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Messagef(
				"resolved %c to K8S ServiceClass %q",
				instance.Spec.PlanReference, sc.Name,
			))
		} else {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf(
				"References a non-existent ServiceClass %c or there is more than one (found: %d)",
				instance.Spec.PlanReference, len(serviceClasses.Items),
			)
		}
	}

	return sc, nil
}

// resolveClusterServicePlanRef resolves a reference  to a ClusterServicePlan
// and updates the instance.
// If ClusterServicePlan can not be resolved, returns an error, records an
// Event, and sets the InstanceCondition with the appropriate error message.
func (c *controller) resolveClusterServicePlanRef(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, brokerName string) error {
	if !instance.Spec.ClusterServicePlanSpecified() {
		// ServiceInstance is in invalid state, should not ever happen. check
		return fmt.Errorf("ServiceInstance %s/%s is in invalid state, neither ClusterServicePlanExternalName, ClusterServicePlanExternalID, nor ClusterServicePlanName is set", instance.Namespace, instance.Name)
	}

	pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)

	if instance.Spec.ClusterServicePlanName != "" {
		sp, err := c.clusterServicePlanLister.Get(instance.Spec.ClusterServicePlanName)
		if err == nil {
			instance.Spec.ClusterServicePlanRef = &v1beta1.ClusterObjectReference{
				Name: sp.Name,
			}
			klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Messagef(
				"resolved ClusterServicePlan with K8S name %q to ClusterServicePlan with external name %q",
				instance.Spec.ClusterServicePlanName, sp.Spec.ExternalName,
			))
		} else {
			return fmt.Errorf(
				"References a non-existent ClusterServicePlan %v",
				instance.Spec.PlanReference,
			)
		}
	} else {
		labelSelector := labels.SelectorFromSet(labels.Set{
			instance.Spec.GetClusterServicePlanFilterLabelName():                   util.GenerateSHA(instance.Spec.GetSpecifiedClusterServicePlan()),
			v1beta1.GroupName + "/" + v1beta1.FilterSpecClusterServiceClassRefName: util.GenerateSHA(instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassRef.Name),
			v1beta1.GroupName + "/" + v1beta1.FilterSpecClusterServiceBrokerName:   util.GenerateSHA(brokerName),
		}).String()

		listOpts := metav1.ListOptions{
			LabelSelector: labelSelector,
		}
		servicePlans, err := c.serviceCatalogClient.ClusterServicePlans().List(context.Background(), listOpts)
		klog.Info(pcb.Messagef("Found %d ClusterServicePlans", len(servicePlans.Items)))

		if err == nil && len(servicePlans.Items) == 1 {
			sp := &servicePlans.Items[0]
			instance.Spec.ClusterServicePlanRef = &v1beta1.ClusterObjectReference{
				Name: sp.Name,
			}
			klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Messagef("resolved %v to ClusterServicePlan (K8S: %q)",
				instance.Spec.PlanReference, sp.Name,
			))
		} else {
			return fmt.Errorf(
				"References a non-existent ClusterServicePlan %b on ClusterServiceClass %s %c or there is more than one (found: %d)",
				instance.Spec.PlanReference, instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassRef.Name, instance.Spec.PlanReference, len(servicePlans.Items),
			)
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// resolveServicePlanRef resolves a reference  to a ServicePlan
// and updates the instance.
// If ServicePlan can not be resolved, returns an error, records an
// Event, and sets the InstanceCondition with the appropriate error message.
func (c *controller) resolveServicePlanRef(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, brokerName string) error {
	if !instance.Spec.ServicePlanSpecified() {
		// ServiceInstance is in invalid state, should not ever happen. check
		return fmt.Errorf("ServiceInstance %s/%s is in invalid state, neither ServicePlanExternalName, ServicePlanExternalID, nor ServicePlanName is set", instance.Namespace, instance.Name)
	}

	pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)

	if instance.Spec.ServicePlanName != "" {
		sp, err := c.servicePlanLister.ServicePlans(instance.Namespace).Get(instance.Spec.ServicePlanName)
		if err == nil {
			instance.Spec.ServicePlanRef = &v1beta1.LocalObjectReference{
				Name: sp.Name,
			}
			klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Messagef(
				"resolved ServicePlan with K8S name %q to ServicePlan with external name %q",
				instance.Spec.ServicePlanName, sp.Spec.ExternalName,
			))
		} else {
			return fmt.Errorf(
				"References a non-existent ServicePlan %v",
				instance.Spec.PlanReference,
			)
		}
	} else {
		labelSelector := labels.SelectorFromSet(labels.Set{
			instance.Spec.GetServicePlanFilterLabelName():                   util.GenerateSHA(instance.Spec.GetSpecifiedServicePlan()),
			v1beta1.GroupName + "/" + v1beta1.FilterSpecServiceClassRefName: util.GenerateSHA(instance.Spec.ServiceClassRef.Name),
			v1beta1.GroupName + "/" + v1beta1.FilterSpecServiceBrokerName:   util.GenerateSHA(brokerName),
		}).String()

		listOpts := metav1.ListOptions{
			LabelSelector: labelSelector,
		}
		servicePlans, err := c.serviceCatalogClient.ServicePlans(instance.Namespace).List(context.Background(), listOpts)
		klog.Info(pcb.Messagef("Found %d ServicePlans", len(servicePlans.Items)))

		if err == nil && len(servicePlans.Items) == 1 {
			sp := &servicePlans.Items[0]
			instance.Spec.ServicePlanRef = &v1beta1.LocalObjectReference{
				Name: sp.Name,
			}
			klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Messagef("resolved %v to ServicePlan (K8S: %q)",
				instance.Spec.PlanReference, sp.Name,
			))
		} else {
			return fmt.Errorf(
				"References a non-existent ServicePlan %b on ServiceClass %s %c or there is more than one (found: %d)",
				instance.Spec.PlanReference, instance.Spec.ServiceClassRef.Name, instance.Spec.PlanReference, len(servicePlans.Items),
			)
		}

	}

	return nil
}

// applyDefaultProvisioningParameters applies any default provisioning parameters for an instance.
// If parameter defaults were applied, and the instance status was successfully updated, the method returns true
// If either can not be resolved, returns an error and sets the InstanceCondition
// with the appropriate error message.
func (c *controller) applyDefaultProvisioningParameters(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) (bool, error) {
	// The default parameters are only applied once (though we may revisit that decision in the future depending on how
	// we want to handle plan changes).
	if instance.Status.DefaultProvisionParameters != nil {
		return false, nil
	}

	defaultParams, err := c.getDefaultProvisioningParameters(instance)
	if err != nil {
		return false, err
	}

	finalParams, err := mergeParameters(instance.Spec.Parameters, defaultParams)
	if err != nil {
		return false, err
	}

	if instance.Spec.Parameters == finalParams {
		return false, nil
	}

	pcb := pretty.NewContextBuilder(pretty.ServiceInstance, instance.Namespace, instance.Name, "")
	klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Message("Applying default provisioning parameters"))

	instance.Spec.Parameters = finalParams
	_, err = c.updateServiceInstanceWithRetries(instance, func(conflictedInstance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) {
		conflictedInstance.Spec.Parameters = finalParams
	})
	if err != nil {
		s := fmt.Sprintf("error updating service instance to apply default parameters: %s", err)
		klog.Warning(pcb.Message(s))
		c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeWarning, errorWithParametersReason, s)
		return false, fmt.Errorf(s)
	}

	instance.Status.DefaultProvisionParameters = defaultParams
	updatedInstance, err := c.updateServiceInstanceStatus(instance)
	return updatedInstance.ResourceVersion != instance.ResourceVersion, err
}

func (c *controller) getDefaultProvisioningParameters(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) (*runtime.RawExtension, error) {
	var classDefaults, planDefaults *runtime.RawExtension

	if instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassSpecified() {
		class, err := c.clusterServiceClassLister.Get(instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassRef.Name)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		classDefaults = class.Spec.DefaultProvisionParameters
	} else if instance.Spec.ServiceClassSpecified() {
		class, err := c.serviceClassLister.ServiceClasses(instance.Namespace).Get(instance.Spec.ServiceClassRef.Name)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		classDefaults = class.Spec.DefaultProvisionParameters
	} else {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid class reference %v", instance.Spec.PlanReference)
	}

	if instance.Spec.ClusterServicePlanSpecified() {
		plan, err := c.clusterServicePlanLister.Get(instance.Spec.ClusterServicePlanRef.Name)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		planDefaults = plan.Spec.DefaultProvisionParameters
	} else if instance.Spec.ServicePlanSpecified() {
		plan, err := c.servicePlanLister.ServicePlans(instance.Namespace).Get(instance.Spec.ServicePlanRef.Name)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		planDefaults = plan.Spec.DefaultProvisionParameters
	} else {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid plan reference %v", instance.Spec.PlanReference)
	}

	return mergeParameters(planDefaults, classDefaults)
}

func (c *controller) prepareProvisionRequest(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) (*osb.ProvisionRequest, *v1beta1.ServiceInstancePropertiesState, error) {
	if instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassSpecified() {
		serviceClass, servicePlan, _, _, err := c.getClusterServiceClassPlanAndClusterServiceBroker(instance)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}
		// Check if the ClusterServiceClass or ClusterServicePlan has been deleted and do not allow
		// creation of new ServiceInstances.
		if err = c.checkForRemovedClusterClassAndPlan(instance, serviceClass, servicePlan); err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}
		request, inProgressProperties, err := c.innerPrepareProvisionRequest(instance, serviceClass.Spec.CommonServiceClassSpec, servicePlan.Spec.CommonServicePlanSpec)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}
		return request, inProgressProperties, nil
	} else if instance.Spec.ServiceClassSpecified() {
		serviceClass, servicePlan, _, _, err := c.getServiceClassPlanAndServiceBroker(instance)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}
		// Check if the ServiceClass or ServicePlan has been deleted and do not allow
		// creation of new ServiceInstances.
		if err = c.checkForRemovedClassAndPlan(instance, serviceClass, servicePlan); err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}
		request, inProgressProperties, err := c.innerPrepareProvisionRequest(instance, serviceClass.Spec.CommonServiceClassSpec, servicePlan.Spec.CommonServicePlanSpec)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}
		return request, inProgressProperties, nil
	}

	// If we're hitting this return, it means we couldn't tell whether the class
	// and plan were cluster or namespace scoped
	return nil, nil, stderrors.New(errorAmbiguousPlanReferenceScope)
}

// newServiceInstanceCondition is a helper function that returns a
// condition with the given type, status, reason and message, with its transition
// time set to now.
func newServiceInstanceCondition(status v1beta1.ConditionStatus, condType v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionType, reason, message string) *v1beta1.ServiceInstanceCondition {
	return &v1beta1.ServiceInstanceCondition{
		Type:               condType,
		Status:             status,
		Reason:             reason,
		Message:            message,
		LastTransitionTime: metav1.Now(),
	}
}

// newServiceInstanceReadyCondition is a helper function that returns a Ready
// condition with the given status, reason, and message, with its transition
// time set to now.
func newServiceInstanceReadyCondition(status v1beta1.ConditionStatus, reason, message string) *v1beta1.ServiceInstanceCondition {
	return newServiceInstanceCondition(status, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionReady, reason, message)
}

// newServiceInstanceFailedCondition is a helper function that returns a Failed
// condition with the given status, reason and message, with its transition
// time set to now.
func newServiceInstanceFailedCondition(status v1beta1.ConditionStatus, reason, message string) *v1beta1.ServiceInstanceCondition {
	return newServiceInstanceCondition(status, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionFailed, reason, message)
}

// removeServiceInstanceCondition removes a condition of a given type from an
// instance's status if it exists.
func removeServiceInstanceCondition(toUpdate *v1beta1.ServiceInstance,
	conditionType v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionType) {
	pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(toUpdate)
	klog.V(5).Info(pcb.Messagef(
		"Removing condition %q", conditionType,
	))

	newStatusConditions := make([]v1beta1.ServiceInstanceCondition, 0, len(toUpdate.Status.Conditions))
	for _, cond := range toUpdate.Status.Conditions {
		if cond.Type == conditionType {
			klog.V(5).Info(pcb.Messagef("Found existing condition %q: %q; removing it",
				conditionType, cond.Status,
			))
			continue
		}
		newStatusConditions = append(newStatusConditions, cond)
	}
	toUpdate.Status.Conditions = newStatusConditions
}

// setServiceInstanceCondition sets a single condition on an Instance's status: if
// the condition already exists in the status, it is mutated; if the condition
// does not already exist in the status, it is added.  Other conditions in the
// status are not altered.  If the condition exists and its status changes,
// the LastTransitionTime field is updated.
//
// Note: objects coming from informers should never be mutated; always pass a
// deep copy as the instance parameter.
func setServiceInstanceCondition(toUpdate *v1beta1.ServiceInstance,
	conditionType v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionType,
	status v1beta1.ConditionStatus,
	reason,
	message string) {
	setServiceInstanceConditionInternal(toUpdate, conditionType, status, reason, message, metav1.Now())
}

// setServiceInstanceConditionInternal is setServiceInstanceCondition but allows the time to
// be parameterized for testing.
func setServiceInstanceConditionInternal(toUpdate *v1beta1.ServiceInstance,
	conditionType v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionType,
	status v1beta1.ConditionStatus,
	reason,
	message string,
	t metav1.Time) {

	pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(toUpdate)
	klog.Info(pcb.Message(message))
	klog.V(5).Info(pcb.Messagef(
		"Setting condition %q to %v",
		conditionType, status,
	))

	newCondition := v1beta1.ServiceInstanceCondition{
		Type:    conditionType,
		Status:  status,
		Reason:  reason,
		Message: message,
	}

	if len(toUpdate.Status.Conditions) == 0 {
		klog.V(3).Info(pcb.Messagef(
			"Setting lastTransitionTime, condition %q to %v",
			conditionType, t,
		))
		newCondition.LastTransitionTime = t
		toUpdate.Status.Conditions = []v1beta1.ServiceInstanceCondition{newCondition}
		return
	}

	for i, cond := range toUpdate.Status.Conditions {
		if cond.Type == conditionType {
			if cond.Status != newCondition.Status {
				klog.V(3).Info(pcb.Messagef("Found status change, condition %q: %q -> %q; setting lastTransitionTime to %v",
					conditionType, cond.Status, status, t,
				))
				newCondition.LastTransitionTime = t
			} else {
				newCondition.LastTransitionTime = cond.LastTransitionTime
			}

			toUpdate.Status.Conditions[i] = newCondition
			return
		}
	}

	klog.V(3).Info(pcb.Messagef(
		"Setting lastTransitionTime, condition %q to %v",
		conditionType, t,
	))
	newCondition.LastTransitionTime = t
	toUpdate.Status.Conditions = append(toUpdate.Status.Conditions, newCondition)
}

// updateServiceInstanceReferences updates the refs for the given instance.
func (c *controller) updateServiceInstanceReferences(toUpdate *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) (*v1beta1.ServiceInstance, error) {
	pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(toUpdate)
	klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Message("Updating references"))
	updatedInstance, err := c.serviceCatalogClient.ServiceInstances(toUpdate.Namespace).Update(context.Background(), toUpdate, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		klog.Errorf(pcb.Messagef("Failed to update references: %v", err))
	}
	return updatedInstance, err
}

// updateServiceInstanceWithRetries updates the instance
// and automatically retries if a 409 Conflict error is
// returned by the API server.
// If a conflict occurs, the provided conflictResolutionFunc is called
// so that the conflict can be resolved. There is no default universal safe
// conflict resolution logic, so conflictResolutionFunc must always be provided.
func (c *controller) updateServiceInstanceWithRetries(
	instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance,
	conflictResolutionFunc func(*v1beta1.ServiceInstance)) (*v1beta1.ServiceInstance, error) {

	pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)

	const interval = 100 * time.Millisecond
	const timeout = 10 * time.Second
	var updatedInstance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance

	instanceToUpdate := instance
	err := wait.PollImmediate(interval, timeout, func() (bool, error) {
		klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Message("Updating instance"))
		upd, err := c.serviceCatalogClient.ServiceInstances(instanceToUpdate.Namespace).Update(context.Background(), instanceToUpdate, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
		if err != nil {
			if !apierrors.IsConflict(err) {
				return false, err
			}
			klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Message("Couldn't update instance because the resource was stale"))
			// Fetch a fresh instance to resolve the update conflict and retry
			instanceToUpdate, err = c.serviceCatalogClient.ServiceInstances(instance.Namespace).Get(context.Background(), instance.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
			if err != nil {
				return false, err
			}
			conflictResolutionFunc(instanceToUpdate)
			return false, nil
		}

		updatedInstance = upd
		return true, nil
	})

	if err != nil {
		klog.Errorf(pcb.Messagef("Failed to update instance: %v", err))
	}

	return updatedInstance, err
}

// updateServiceInstanceStatus updates the status for the given instance.
//
// Note: objects coming from informers should never be mutated; the instance
// passed to this method should always be a deep copy.
func (c *controller) updateServiceInstanceStatus(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) (*v1beta1.ServiceInstance, error) {
	return c.updateServiceInstanceStatusWithRetries(instance, nil)
}

// updateServiceInstanceStatusWithRetries updates the status
// and automatically retries if a 409 Conflict error is
// returned by the API server.
// If a conflict occurs, the function overrides the new
// version's status with the status on the ServiceInstance passed
// to it; it also runs the provided postConflictUpdateFunc,
// allowing the caller to make additional changes to the
// new version of the instance - to other parts of the object.
func (c *controller) updateServiceInstanceStatusWithRetries(
	instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance,
	postConflictUpdateFunc func(*v1beta1.ServiceInstance)) (*v1beta1.ServiceInstance, error) {

	pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)

	const interval = 100 * time.Millisecond
	const timeout = 10 * time.Second
	var updatedInstance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance
	instance.RecalculatePrinterColumnStatusFields()

	instanceToUpdate := instance
	err := wait.PollImmediate(interval, timeout, func() (bool, error) {
		klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Message("Updating status"))
		upd, err := c.serviceCatalogClient.ServiceInstances(instanceToUpdate.Namespace).UpdateStatus(context.Background(), instanceToUpdate, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
		if err != nil {
			if !apierrors.IsConflict(err) {
				return false, err
			}
			klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Message("Couldn't update status because the resource was stale"))
			// Fetch a fresh instance to resolve the update conflict and retry
			instanceToUpdate, err = c.serviceCatalogClient.ServiceInstances(instance.Namespace).Get(context.Background(), instance.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
			if err != nil {
				return false, err
			}
			instanceToUpdate.Status = instance.Status
			if postConflictUpdateFunc != nil {
				postConflictUpdateFunc(instanceToUpdate)
			}
			return false, nil
		}

		updatedInstance = upd
		return true, nil
	})

	if err != nil {
		klog.Errorf(pcb.Messagef("Failed to update status: %v", err))
	}

	return updatedInstance, err
}

// updateServiceInstanceCondition updates the given condition for the given Instance
// with the given status, reason, and message.
func (c *controller) updateServiceInstanceCondition(
	instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance,
	conditionType v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionType,
	status v1beta1.ConditionStatus,
	reason,
	message string) (*v1beta1.ServiceInstance, error) {
	pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
	toUpdate := instance.DeepCopy()

	setServiceInstanceCondition(toUpdate, conditionType, status, reason, message)
	toUpdate.RecalculatePrinterColumnStatusFields()

	klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Messagef("Updating %v condition to %v", conditionType, status))
	updatedInstance, err := c.serviceCatalogClient.ServiceInstances(instance.Namespace).UpdateStatus(context.Background(), toUpdate, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		klog.Errorf(pcb.Messagef("Failed to update condition %v to true: %v", conditionType, err))
	}

	return updatedInstance, err
}

func (c *controller) isServiceInstanceStatusInitialized(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) bool {
	emptyStatus := v1beta1.ServiceInstanceStatus{}
	return !reflect.DeepEqual(instance.Status, emptyStatus)
}

// initializeServiceInstanceStatus initialize the ServiceInstanceStatus.
// In normal scenario it should be done when client is creating the ServiceInstance,
// but right now we cannot modify the Status (sub-resource) in webhook on CREATE action.
// As a temporary solution we are doing that in the reconcile function.
func (c *controller) initializeServiceInstanceStatus(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) error {
	updated := instance.DeepCopy()
	updated.Status = v1beta1.ServiceInstanceStatus{
		Conditions:        []v1beta1.ServiceInstanceCondition{},
		DeprovisionStatus: v1beta1.ServiceInstanceDeprovisionStatusNotRequired,
	}
	_, err := c.updateServiceInstanceStatus(updated)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

// prepareObservedGeneration sets the instance's observed generation
// and clears the conditions, preparing it for any status updates that can occur
// during the further processing.
// It doesn't send the update request to server.
func (c *controller) prepareObservedGeneration(toUpdate *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) {
	toUpdate.Status.ObservedGeneration = toUpdate.Generation
	removeServiceInstanceCondition(
		toUpdate,
		v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionFailed)
}

// isServiceInstancePropertiesStateEqual checks whether two ServiceInstancePropertiesState objects are equal
func isServiceInstancePropertiesStateEqual(s1 *v1beta1.ServiceInstancePropertiesState, s2 *v1beta1.ServiceInstancePropertiesState) bool {
	if s1 == nil && s2 == nil {
		return true
	}
	if (s1 == nil && s2 != nil) || (s1 != nil && s2 == nil) {
		return false
	}
	if s1.ClusterServicePlanExternalID != s2.ClusterServicePlanExternalID {
		return false
	}
	if s1.ClusterServicePlanExternalName != s2.ClusterServicePlanExternalName {
		return false
	}
	if s1.ParameterChecksum != s2.ParameterChecksum {
		return false
	}
	if s1.UserInfo != nil || s2.UserInfo != nil {
		u1 := s1.UserInfo
		u2 := s2.UserInfo
		if (u1 == nil && u2 != nil) || (u1 != nil && u2 == nil) {
			return false
		}
		if u1.UID != u2.UID {
			return false
		}
	}

	return true
}

// recordStartOfServiceInstanceOperation updates the instance to indicate that
// there is an operation being performed. If the instance was already
// performing a different operation, that operation is replaced. The Status of
// the instance is recorded in the registry.
// params:
// toUpdate - a modifiable copy of the instance in the registry to update
// operation - operation that is being performed on the instance
// returns:
// 1 - a modifiable copy of the updated instance in the registry; or toUpdate
//     if there was an error
// 2 - any error that occurred
func (c *controller) recordStartOfServiceInstanceOperation(toUpdate *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, operation v1beta1.ServiceInstanceOperation, inProgressProperties *v1beta1.ServiceInstancePropertiesState) (*v1beta1.ServiceInstance, error) {
	clearServiceInstanceCurrentOperation(toUpdate)
	toUpdate.Status.CurrentOperation = operation
	now := metav1.Now()
	toUpdate.Status.OperationStartTime = &now
	toUpdate.Status.InProgressProperties = inProgressProperties
	reason := ""
	message := ""
	switch operation {
	case v1beta1.ServiceInstanceOperationProvision:
		reason = provisioningInFlightReason
		message = provisioningInFlightMessage
		toUpdate.Status.DeprovisionStatus = v1beta1.ServiceInstanceDeprovisionStatusRequired
	case v1beta1.ServiceInstanceOperationUpdate:
		reason = instanceUpdatingInFlightReason
		message = instanceUpdatingInFlightMessage
	case v1beta1.ServiceInstanceOperationDeprovision:
		reason = deprovisioningInFlightReason
		message = deprovisioningInFlightMessage
	}
	setServiceInstanceCondition(
		toUpdate,
		v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionReady,
		v1beta1.ConditionFalse,
		reason,
		message,
	)
	// reset the polling rate limiter's memory of this instance, in case the
	// controller hadn't reset it before switching operations (can happen
	// when forcibly removing a finalizer during an in-progress async
	// deprovision)
	c.resetPollingRateLimiterForServiceInstance(toUpdate)

	return c.updateServiceInstanceStatus(toUpdate)
}

// checkForRemovedClusterClassAndPlan looks at clusterServiceClass and
// clusterServicePlan and if either has been deleted, will block a new instance
// creation.
func (c *controller) checkForRemovedClusterClassAndPlan(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, serviceClass *v1beta1.ClusterServiceClass, servicePlan *v1beta1.ClusterServicePlan) error {
	classDeleted := serviceClass.Status.RemovedFromBrokerCatalog
	planDeleted := servicePlan.Status.RemovedFromBrokerCatalog

	if !classDeleted && !planDeleted {
		// Neither has been deleted, life's good.
		return nil
	}

	isProvisioning := instance.Status.ProvisionStatus != v1beta1.ServiceInstanceProvisionStatusProvisioned

	// Regardless of what's been deleted, you can always update
	// parameters (ie, not change plans)
	if !isProvisioning && instance.Status.ExternalProperties != nil &&
		servicePlan.Spec.ExternalID == instance.Status.ExternalProperties.ClusterServicePlanExternalID {
		// Service Instance has already been provisioned and we're only
		// updating parameters, so let it through.
		return nil
	}

	// At this point we know that plan is being changed
	if planDeleted {
		return &operationError{
			reason:  errorDeletedClusterServicePlanReason,
			message: fmt.Sprintf("%s has been deleted; cannot provision.", pretty.ClusterServicePlanName(servicePlan)),
		}
	}

	return &operationError{
		reason:  errorDeletedClusterServiceClassReason,
		message: fmt.Sprintf("%s has been deleted; cannot provision.", pretty.ClusterServiceClassName(serviceClass)),
	}
}

// checkForRemovedClassAndPlan looks at serviceClass and
// servicePlan and if either has been deleted, will block a new instance
// creation.
func (c *controller) checkForRemovedClassAndPlan(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, serviceClass *v1beta1.ServiceClass, servicePlan *v1beta1.ServicePlan) error {
	classDeleted := serviceClass.Status.RemovedFromBrokerCatalog
	planDeleted := servicePlan.Status.RemovedFromBrokerCatalog

	if !classDeleted && !planDeleted {
		// Neither has been deleted, life's good.
		return nil
	}

	isProvisioning := instance.Status.ProvisionStatus != v1beta1.ServiceInstanceProvisionStatusProvisioned

	// Regardless of what's been deleted, you can always update
	// parameters (ie, not change plans)
	if !isProvisioning && instance.Status.ExternalProperties != nil &&
		servicePlan.Spec.ExternalID == instance.Status.ExternalProperties.ServicePlanExternalID {
		// Service Instance has already been provisioned and we're only
		// updating parameters, so let it through.
		return nil
	}

	// At this point we know that plan is being changed
	if planDeleted {
		return &operationError{
			reason:  errorDeletedServicePlanReason,
			message: fmt.Sprintf("%s has been deleted; cannot provision.", pretty.ServicePlanName(servicePlan)),
		}
	}

	return &operationError{
		reason:  errorDeletedServiceClassReason,
		message: fmt.Sprintf("%s has been deleted; cannot provision.", pretty.ServiceClassName(serviceClass)),
	}
}

// clearServiceInstanceCurrentOperation sets the fields of the instance's Status
// to indicate that there is no current operation being performed. The Status
// is *not* recorded in the registry.
func clearServiceInstanceCurrentOperation(toUpdate *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) {
	toUpdate.Status.CurrentOperation = ""
	toUpdate.Status.OperationStartTime = nil
	toUpdate.Status.AsyncOpInProgress = false
	toUpdate.Status.LastOperation = nil
	toUpdate.Status.InProgressProperties = nil
}

// checkServiceInstanceHasExistingBindings returns true if there are any existing
// bindings associated with the given ServiceInstance.
func (c *controller) checkServiceInstanceHasExistingBindings(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) error {
	existingBindings, err := c.listExistingBindings(instance)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if len(existingBindings) > 0 {
		return &operationError{
			reason:  errorDeprovisionBlockedByCredentialsReason,
			message: "All associated ServiceBindings must be removed before this ServiceInstance can be deleted",
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func (c *controller) listExistingBindings(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) ([]*v1beta1.ServiceBinding, error) {
	bindingLister := c.bindingLister.ServiceBindings(instance.Namespace)

	bindingList, err := bindingLister.List(labels.NewSelector())
	if err != nil {
		return []*v1beta1.ServiceBinding{}, err
	}
	var found []*v1beta1.ServiceBinding
	for _, binding := range bindingList {
		// Note that as we are potentially looking at a stale binding resource
		// and cannot rely on UnbindStatus == ServiceBindingUnbindStatusNotRequired
		// to filter out binding requests that have yet to be sent to the broker.
		if instance.Name == binding.Spec.InstanceRef.Name {
			found = append(found, binding)
		}
	}

	return found, nil
}

func (c *controller) deleteExistingBindings(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) error {
	klog.V(4).Infof("Delete existing bindings for the instance %s", instance.Name)
	bindings, err := c.listExistingBindings(instance)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.Wrapf(err, "while listing existing service bindings")
	}
	for _, binding := range bindings {
		err := c.serviceCatalogClient.ServiceBindings(instance.Namespace).Delete(context.Background(), binding.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
		switch {
		case apierrors.IsNotFound(err):
			continue
		case err != nil:
			return errors.Wrap(err, "while deleting existing service binding")
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// requestHelper is a helper struct with properties common to multiple request
// types.
type requestHelper struct {
	ns                   *corev1.Namespace
	parameters           map[string]interface{}
	inProgressProperties *v1beta1.ServiceInstancePropertiesState
	originatingIdentity  *osb.OriginatingIdentity
	requestContext       map[string]interface{}
}

// prepareRequestHelper is a helper function that generates a struct with
// properties common to multiple request types.
func (c *controller) prepareRequestHelper(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, planName string, planID string, setInProgressProperties bool) (*requestHelper, error) {
	rh := &requestHelper{}

	if utilfeature.DefaultFeatureGate.Enabled(scfeatures.OriginatingIdentity) {
		originatingIdentity, err := buildOriginatingIdentity(instance.Spec.UserInfo)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, &operationError{
				reason:  errorWithOriginatingIdentityReason,
				message: fmt.Sprintf("Error building originating identity headers: %v", err),
			}
		}
		rh.originatingIdentity = originatingIdentity
	}

	reconciliationAction := getReconciliationActionForServiceInstance(instance)
	if reconciliationAction == reconcileDelete || reconciliationAction == reconcilePoll {
		return rh, nil
	}

	// Only prepare namespace, parameters, and context for provision/update
	ns, err := c.kubeClient.CoreV1().Namespaces().Get(context.Background(), instance.Namespace, metav1.GetOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, &operationError{
			reason:  errorFindingNamespaceServiceInstanceReason,
			message: fmt.Sprintf("Failed to get namespace %q: %s", instance.Namespace, err),
		}
	}
	rh.ns = ns

	if setInProgressProperties {
		parameters, parametersChecksum, rawParametersWithRedaction, err := prepareInProgressPropertyParameters(
			c.kubeClient,
			instance.Namespace,
			instance.Spec.Parameters,
			instance.Spec.ParametersFrom,
		)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, &operationError{
				reason:  errorWithParametersReason,
				message: err.Error(),
			}
		}
		rh.parameters = parameters

		rh.inProgressProperties = &v1beta1.ServiceInstancePropertiesState{
			Parameters:        rawParametersWithRedaction,
			ParameterChecksum: parametersChecksum,
			UserInfo:          instance.Spec.UserInfo,
		}

		if instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassSpecified() {
			rh.inProgressProperties.ClusterServicePlanExternalName = planName
			rh.inProgressProperties.ClusterServicePlanExternalID = planID
		} else {
			rh.inProgressProperties.ServicePlanExternalName = planName
			rh.inProgressProperties.ServicePlanExternalID = planID
		}
	}

	// osb client handles whether or not to really send this based
	// on the version of the client.
	id := c.getClusterID()
	rh.requestContext = map[string]interface{}{
		"platform":           ContextProfilePlatformKubernetes,
		"namespace":          instance.Namespace,
		clusterIdentifierKey: id,
		"instance_name":      instance.Name,
	}
	return rh, nil
}

// innerPrepareProvisionRequest creates a provision request object to be passed to
// the broker client to provision the given instance, with a cluster scoped
// class and plan
func (c *controller) innerPrepareProvisionRequest(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, classCommon v1beta1.CommonServiceClassSpec, planCommon v1beta1.CommonServicePlanSpec) (*osb.ProvisionRequest, *v1beta1.ServiceInstancePropertiesState, error) {
	rh, err := c.prepareRequestHelper(instance, planCommon.ExternalName, planCommon.ExternalID, true)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}

	request := &osb.ProvisionRequest{
		AcceptsIncomplete: true,
		InstanceID:        instance.Spec.ExternalID,
		ServiceID:         classCommon.ExternalID,
		PlanID:            planCommon.ExternalID,
		Parameters:        rh.parameters,
		// This field is DEPRECATED, but required to be sent by OSBAPI specification
		// Consider using the context profile as defined in
		// https://github.com/openservicebrokerapi/servicebroker/blob/v2.14/profile.md#kubernetes-context-object
		OrganizationGUID: c.getClusterID(),
		// This field is DEPRECATED, but required to be sent by OSBAPI specification
		// Consider using the context profile as defined in
		// https://github.com/openservicebrokerapi/servicebroker/blob/v2.14/profile.md#kubernetes-context-object
		SpaceGUID:           string(rh.ns.UID),
		Context:             rh.requestContext,
		OriginatingIdentity: rh.originatingIdentity,
	}

	return request, rh.inProgressProperties, nil
}

// prepareUpdateInstanceRequest creates an update instance request object to be
// passed to the broker client to update the given instance.
func (c *controller) prepareUpdateInstanceRequest(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) (*osb.UpdateInstanceRequest, *v1beta1.ServiceInstancePropertiesState, error) {

	var rh *requestHelper
	var request *osb.UpdateInstanceRequest

	if instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassSpecified() {
		serviceClass, servicePlan, _, _, err := c.getClusterServiceClassPlanAndClusterServiceBroker(instance)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, c.handleServiceInstanceReconciliationError(instance, err)
		}

		rh, err = c.prepareRequestHelper(instance, servicePlan.Spec.ExternalName, servicePlan.Spec.ExternalID, true)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}

		request = &osb.UpdateInstanceRequest{
			AcceptsIncomplete:   true,
			InstanceID:          instance.Spec.ExternalID,
			ServiceID:           serviceClass.Spec.ExternalID,
			Context:             rh.requestContext,
			OriginatingIdentity: rh.originatingIdentity,
			PreviousValues: &osb.PreviousValues{
				PlanID:    instance.Status.ExternalProperties.ClusterServicePlanExternalID,
				ServiceID: serviceClass.Spec.ExternalID,
			},
		}

		// Only send the plan ID if the plan ID has changed from what the Broker has
		if instance.Status.ExternalProperties == nil ||
			servicePlan.Spec.ExternalID != instance.Status.ExternalProperties.ClusterServicePlanExternalID {
			planID := servicePlan.Spec.ExternalID
			request.PlanID = &planID
		}
		// Only send the parameters if they have changed from what the Broker has
		if instance.Status.ExternalProperties == nil ||
			rh.inProgressProperties.ParameterChecksum != instance.Status.ExternalProperties.ParameterChecksum {
			if rh.parameters != nil {
				request.Parameters = rh.parameters
			} else {
				request.Parameters = make(map[string]interface{})
			}
		}

	} else if instance.Spec.ServiceClassSpecified() {
		serviceClass, servicePlan, _, _, err := c.getServiceClassPlanAndServiceBroker(instance)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, c.handleServiceInstanceReconciliationError(instance, err)
		}

		rh, err = c.prepareRequestHelper(instance, servicePlan.Spec.ExternalName, servicePlan.Spec.ExternalID, true)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}

		request = &osb.UpdateInstanceRequest{
			AcceptsIncomplete:   true,
			InstanceID:          instance.Spec.ExternalID,
			ServiceID:           serviceClass.Spec.ExternalID,
			Context:             rh.requestContext,
			OriginatingIdentity: rh.originatingIdentity,
			PreviousValues: &osb.PreviousValues{
				PlanID:    instance.Status.ExternalProperties.ClusterServicePlanExternalID,
				ServiceID: serviceClass.Spec.ExternalID,
			},
		}

		// Only send the plan ID if the plan ID has changed from what the Broker has
		if instance.Status.ExternalProperties == nil ||
			servicePlan.Spec.ExternalID != instance.Status.ExternalProperties.ServicePlanExternalID {
			planID := servicePlan.Spec.ExternalID
			request.PlanID = &planID
		}
		// Only send the parameters if they have changed from what the Broker has
		if instance.Status.ExternalProperties == nil ||
			rh.inProgressProperties.ParameterChecksum != instance.Status.ExternalProperties.ParameterChecksum {
			if rh.parameters != nil {
				request.Parameters = rh.parameters
			} else {
				request.Parameters = make(map[string]interface{})
			}
		}

	}

	return request, rh.inProgressProperties, nil
}

// prepareDeprovisionRequest creates a deprovision request object to be passed
// to the broker client to deprovision the given instance.
func (c *controller) prepareDeprovisionRequest(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) (*osb.DeprovisionRequest, *v1beta1.ServiceInstancePropertiesState, error) {
	rh, err := c.prepareRequestHelper(instance, "", "", true)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}

	// Get the appropriate external id based for the cluster or namespaced
	// service class
	var scExternalID string
	if instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassSpecified() {
		serviceClass, _, _, err := c.getClusterServiceClassAndClusterServiceBroker(instance)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, c.handleServiceInstanceReconciliationError(instance, err)
		}
		scExternalID = serviceClass.Spec.ExternalID
	} else if instance.Spec.ServiceClassSpecified() {
		serviceClass, _, _, err := c.getServiceClassAndServiceBroker(instance)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, c.handleServiceInstanceReconciliationError(instance, err)
		}
		scExternalID = serviceClass.Spec.ExternalID
	}

	// The plan reference in the spec might be updated since the latest
	// provisioning/update request, thus we need to take values from the original
	// provisioning request instead that we previously stored in status
	if instance.Status.CurrentOperation != "" || instance.Status.OrphanMitigationInProgress {
		if instance.Status.InProgressProperties == nil {
			return nil, nil, stderrors.New("InProgressProperties must be set when there is an operation or orphan mitigation in progress")
		}
		rh.inProgressProperties = instance.Status.InProgressProperties
	} else if instance.Status.ProvisionStatus != v1beta1.ServiceInstanceProvisionStatusProvisioned {
		// terminal provisioning failure
		// we don't have ExternalProperties and InProgressProperties in Status anymore, so we have to build them
		if instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassSpecified() {
			servicePlan, err := c.clusterServicePlanLister.Get(instance.Spec.ClusterServicePlanRef.Name)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, nil, &operationError{
					reason: errorNonexistentClusterServicePlanReason,
					message: fmt.Sprintf(
						"The instance references a non-existent ClusterServicePlan %q - %v",
						instance.Spec.ClusterServicePlanRef.Name, instance.Spec.PlanReference,
					),
				}
			}
			rh.inProgressProperties = &v1beta1.ServiceInstancePropertiesState{
				ClusterServicePlanExternalName: servicePlan.Spec.ExternalName,
				ClusterServicePlanExternalID:   servicePlan.Spec.ExternalID,
			}
		} else {
			servicePlan, err := c.servicePlanLister.ServicePlans(instance.Namespace).Get(instance.Spec.ServicePlanRef.Name)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, nil, &operationError{
					reason: errorNonexistentServicePlanReason,
					message: fmt.Sprintf(
						"The instance references a non-existent ServicePlan %q - %v",
						instance.Spec.ServicePlanRef.Name, instance.Spec.PlanReference,
					),
				}
			}
			rh.inProgressProperties = &v1beta1.ServiceInstancePropertiesState{
				ServicePlanExternalName: servicePlan.Spec.ExternalName,
				ServicePlanExternalID:   servicePlan.Spec.ExternalID,
			}
		}
	} else {
		if instance.Status.ExternalProperties == nil {
			return nil, nil, stderrors.New("ExternalProperties must be set before deprovisioning")
		}
		rh.inProgressProperties = instance.Status.ExternalProperties
	}

	// Should come from rh.inProgressProperties.(Cluster)ServicePlanExternalID
	var planExternalID string
	if instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassSpecified() {
		planExternalID = rh.inProgressProperties.ClusterServicePlanExternalID
	} else if instance.Spec.ServiceClassSpecified() {
		planExternalID = rh.inProgressProperties.ServicePlanExternalID
	}

	request := &osb.DeprovisionRequest{
		InstanceID:          instance.Spec.ExternalID,
		ServiceID:           scExternalID,
		PlanID:              planExternalID,
		OriginatingIdentity: rh.originatingIdentity,
		AcceptsIncomplete:   true,
	}

	return request, rh.inProgressProperties, nil
}

// prepareServiceInstanceLastOperationRequest creates a request object to be passed to
// the broker client to query the given instance's last operation endpoint.
func (c *controller) prepareServiceInstanceLastOperationRequest(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) (*osb.LastOperationRequest, error) {

	if instance.Status.InProgressProperties == nil {
		pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
		err := stderrors.New("Instance.Status.InProgressProperties can not be nil")
		klog.Error(pcb.Message(err.Error()))
		return nil, err
	}

	var rh *requestHelper
	var scExternalID string
	var spExternalID string

	if instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassSpecified() {
		serviceClass, servicePlan, _, _, err := c.getClusterServiceClassPlanAndClusterServiceBroker(instance)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, c.handleServiceInstanceReconciliationError(instance, err)
		}

		scExternalID = serviceClass.Spec.ExternalID

		var spExternalName string
		if servicePlan != nil {
			spExternalName = servicePlan.Spec.ExternalName
			spExternalID = servicePlan.Spec.ExternalID
		} else {
			// If the ServicePlan is nil, pull from the InProgressProperties
			spExternalID = instance.Status.InProgressProperties.ClusterServicePlanExternalID
		}

		rh, err = c.prepareRequestHelper(instance, spExternalName, spExternalID, false)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	} else if instance.Spec.ServiceClassSpecified() {
		serviceClass, servicePlan, _, _, err := c.getServiceClassPlanAndServiceBroker(instance)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, c.handleServiceInstanceReconciliationError(instance, err)
		}

		scExternalID = serviceClass.Spec.ExternalID

		// Sometimes the servicePlan is nil (deprovision)
		var spExternalName string
		if servicePlan != nil {
			spExternalName = servicePlan.Spec.ExternalName
			spExternalID = servicePlan.Spec.ExternalID
		} else {
			// If the ServicePlan is nil, pull from the InProgressProperties
			spExternalID = instance.Status.InProgressProperties.ServicePlanExternalID
		}

		rh, err = c.prepareRequestHelper(instance, spExternalName, spExternalID, false)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}

	request := &osb.LastOperationRequest{
		InstanceID:          instance.Spec.ExternalID,
		ServiceID:           &scExternalID,
		PlanID:              &spExternalID,
		OriginatingIdentity: rh.originatingIdentity,
	}
	if instance.Status.LastOperation != nil && *instance.Status.LastOperation != "" {
		key := osb.OperationKey(*instance.Status.LastOperation)
		request.OperationKey = &key
	}

	return request, nil
}

// processServiceInstanceGracefulDeletionSuccess handles the logging and
// updating of a ServiceInstance that has successfully finished graceful
// deletion.
func (c *controller) processServiceInstanceGracefulDeletionSuccess(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) error {
	updatedInstance, err := c.updateServiceInstanceStatusWithRetries(instance, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	toUpdate := updatedInstance.DeepCopy()
	finalizers := sets.NewString(toUpdate.Finalizers...)
	finalizers.Delete(v1beta1.FinalizerServiceCatalog)
	toUpdate.Finalizers = finalizers.List()

	_, err = c.serviceCatalogClient.ServiceInstances(toUpdate.Namespace).Update(context.Background(), toUpdate, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("while removing finalizer entry: %v", err)
	}

	pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
	klog.Info(pcb.Message("Cleared finalizer"))

	c.removeInstanceFromRetryMap(instance)
	return nil
}

// handleServiceInstanceReconciliationError is a helper function that handles
// on error whether the error represents an operation error and should update
// the ServiceInstance resource.
func (c *controller) handleServiceInstanceReconciliationError(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, err error) error {
	if resourceErr, ok := err.(*operationError); ok {
		status := v1beta1.ConditionFalse
		if instance.Status.CurrentOperation == v1beta1.ServiceInstanceOperationDeprovision {
			status = v1beta1.ConditionUnknown
		}
		readyCond := newServiceInstanceReadyCondition(status, resourceErr.reason, resourceErr.message)
		return c.processServiceInstanceOperationError(instance, readyCond)
	}
	return err
}

// processServiceInstanceOperationError handles the logging and updating of
// a ServiceInstance that hit a retryable error during reconciliation.
func (c *controller) processServiceInstanceOperationError(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, readyCond *v1beta1.ServiceInstanceCondition) error {
	setServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionReady, readyCond.Status, readyCond.Reason, readyCond.Message)
	if _, err := c.updateServiceInstanceStatus(instance); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeWarning, readyCond.Reason, readyCond.Message)

	// The result of this function should be directly returned from the
	// reconciler, so it is necessary to return an error to tell the worker
	// to retry reconciling the resource.
	return fmt.Errorf(readyCond.Message)
}

// processProvisionSuccess handles the logging and updating of a
// ServiceInstance that has successfully been provisioned at the broker.
func (c *controller) processProvisionSuccess(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, dashboardURL *string) error {
	setServiceInstanceDashboardURL(instance, dashboardURL)
	setServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionReady, v1beta1.ConditionTrue, successProvisionReason, successProvisionMessage)
	instance.Status.ExternalProperties = instance.Status.InProgressProperties
	clearServiceInstanceCurrentOperation(instance)
	instance.Status.ProvisionStatus = v1beta1.ServiceInstanceProvisionStatusProvisioned
	instance.Status.ReconciledGeneration = instance.Status.ObservedGeneration

	if _, err := c.updateServiceInstanceStatus(instance); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	c.removeInstanceFromRetryMap(instance)
	c.triggerServiceBindingReconciliation(instance)
	c.recorder.Eventf(instance, corev1.EventTypeNormal, successProvisionReason, successProvisionMessage)
	return nil
}

// processTerminalProvisionFailure handles the logging and updating of a
// ServiceInstance that hit a terminal failure during provision reconciliation.
func (c *controller) processTerminalProvisionFailure(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, readyCond, failedCond *v1beta1.ServiceInstanceCondition, shouldMitigateOrphan bool) error {
	if failedCond == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failedCond must not be nil")
	}
	c.removeInstanceFromRetryMap(instance)
	return c.processProvisionFailure(instance, readyCond, failedCond, shouldMitigateOrphan)
}

// processTemporaryProvisionFailure handles the logging and updating of a
// ServiceInstance that hit a temporary error during provision reconciliation.
func (c *controller) processTemporaryProvisionFailure(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, readyCond *v1beta1.ServiceInstanceCondition, shouldMitigateOrphan bool) error {
	return c.processProvisionFailure(instance, readyCond, nil, shouldMitigateOrphan)
}

// processProvisionFailure handles the logging and updating of a
// ServiceInstance that hit a temporary or a terminal failure during provision
// reconciliation.
func (c *controller) processProvisionFailure(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, readyCond, failedCond *v1beta1.ServiceInstanceCondition, shouldMitigateOrphan bool) error {
	c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeWarning, readyCond.Reason, readyCond.Message)
	setServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionReady, readyCond.Status, readyCond.Reason, readyCond.Message)

	var errorMessage error
	if failedCond != nil {
		c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeWarning, failedCond.Reason, failedCond.Message)
		setServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionFailed, failedCond.Status, failedCond.Reason, failedCond.Message)
		errorMessage = fmt.Errorf(failedCond.Message)
	} else {
		errorMessage = fmt.Errorf(readyCond.Message)
	}

	if shouldMitigateOrphan {
		// Copy original failure reason/message to a new OrphanMitigation condition
		c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeWarning, startingInstanceOrphanMitigationReason, startingInstanceOrphanMitigationMessage)
		setServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionOrphanMitigation,
			v1beta1.ConditionTrue, readyCond.Reason, readyCond.Message)
		// Overwrite Ready condition reason/message with reporting on orphan mitigation
		setServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionReady,
			v1beta1.ConditionFalse,
			startingInstanceOrphanMitigationReason,
			startingInstanceOrphanMitigationMessage)

		instance.Status.OrphanMitigationInProgress = true
	} else {
		// Deprovisioning is not required for provisioning that has failed with an
		// error that doesn't require orphan mitigation
		instance.Status.DeprovisionStatus = v1beta1.ServiceInstanceDeprovisionStatusNotRequired
	}

	if failedCond == nil || shouldMitigateOrphan {
		// Don't reset the current operation if the error is retriable
		// or requires an orphan mitigation.
		// Only reset the OSB operation status
		clearServiceInstanceAsyncOsbOperation(instance)
	} else {
		// Reset the current operation if there was a terminal error
		clearServiceInstanceCurrentOperation(instance)
	}

	if _, err := c.updateServiceInstanceStatus(instance); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// The instance will be requeued in any case, since we updated the status
	// a few lines above.
	// But we still need to return a non-nil error for retriable errors and
	// orphan mitigation to avoid resetting the rate limiter.
	if failedCond == nil || shouldMitigateOrphan {
		return errorMessage
	}
	return nil
}

// processProvisionAsyncResponse handles the logging and updating
// of a ServiceInstance that received an asynchronous response from the broker
// when requesting a provision.
func (c *controller) processProvisionAsyncResponse(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, response *osb.ProvisionResponse) error {
	setServiceInstanceDashboardURL(instance, response.DashboardURL)
	setServiceInstanceLastOperation(instance, response.OperationKey)
	setServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionReady, v1beta1.ConditionFalse, asyncProvisioningReason, asyncProvisioningMessage)
	instance.Status.AsyncOpInProgress = true

	if _, err := c.updateServiceInstanceStatus(instance); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeNormal, asyncProvisioningReason, asyncProvisioningMessage)
	return c.beginPollingServiceInstance(instance)
}

// processUpdateServiceInstanceSuccess handles the logging and updating of a
// ServiceInstance that has successfully been updated at the broker.
func (c *controller) processUpdateServiceInstanceSuccess(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) error {
	setServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionReady, v1beta1.ConditionTrue, successUpdateInstanceReason, successUpdateInstanceMessage)
	instance.Status.ExternalProperties = instance.Status.InProgressProperties
	clearServiceInstanceCurrentOperation(instance)
	instance.Status.ReconciledGeneration = instance.Status.ObservedGeneration

	if _, err := c.updateServiceInstanceStatus(instance); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	c.removeInstanceFromRetryMap(instance)
	c.recorder.Eventf(instance, corev1.EventTypeNormal, successUpdateInstanceReason, successUpdateInstanceMessage)
	return nil
}

// processTerminalUpdateServiceInstanceFailure handles the logging and updating of a
// ServiceInstance that hit a terminal failure during update reconciliation.
func (c *controller) processTerminalUpdateServiceInstanceFailure(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, readyCond, failedCond *v1beta1.ServiceInstanceCondition) error {
	if failedCond == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failedCond must not be nil")
	}
	c.removeInstanceFromRetryMap(instance)
	return c.processUpdateServiceInstanceFailure(instance, readyCond, failedCond)
}

// processTemporaryUpdateServiceInstanceFailure handles the logging and updating of a
// ServiceInstance that hit a temporary error during update reconciliation.
func (c *controller) processTemporaryUpdateServiceInstanceFailure(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, readyCond *v1beta1.ServiceInstanceCondition) error {
	return c.processUpdateServiceInstanceFailure(instance, readyCond, nil)
}

// processUpdateServiceInstanceFailure handles the logging and updating of a
// ServiceInstance that hit a terminal failure during update reconciliation.
func (c *controller) processUpdateServiceInstanceFailure(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, readyCond, failedCond *v1beta1.ServiceInstanceCondition) error {
	c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeWarning, readyCond.Reason, readyCond.Message)
	setServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionReady, readyCond.Status, readyCond.Reason, readyCond.Message)

	if failedCond != nil {
		setServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionFailed, failedCond.Status, failedCond.Reason, failedCond.Message)
		// Reset the current operation if there was a terminal error
		clearServiceInstanceCurrentOperation(instance)
	} else {
		// Don't reset the current operation if the error is retriable
		// or requires an orphan mitigation.
		// Only reset the OSB operation status
		clearServiceInstanceAsyncOsbOperation(instance)
	}

	if _, err := c.updateServiceInstanceStatus(instance); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// The instance will be requeued in any case, since we updated the status
	// a few lines above.
	// But we still need to return a non-nil error for retriable errors
	// to avoid resetting the rate limiter.
	if failedCond == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf(readyCond.Message)
	}
	return nil
}

// processUpdateServiceInstanceAsyncResponse handles the logging and updating
// of a ServiceInstance that received an asynchronous response from the broker
// when requesting an instance update.
func (c *controller) processUpdateServiceInstanceAsyncResponse(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, response *osb.UpdateInstanceResponse) error {
	setServiceInstanceLastOperation(instance, response.OperationKey)
	setServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionReady, v1beta1.ConditionFalse, asyncUpdatingInstanceReason, asyncUpdatingInstanceMessage)
	instance.Status.AsyncOpInProgress = true

	if _, err := c.updateServiceInstanceStatus(instance); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeNormal, asyncUpdatingInstanceReason, asyncUpdatingInstanceMessage)
	return c.beginPollingServiceInstance(instance)
}

// processDeprovisionSuccess handles the logging and updating of
// a ServiceInstance that has successfully been deprovisioned at the broker.
func (c *controller) processDeprovisionSuccess(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) error {
	mitigatingOrphan := instance.Status.OrphanMitigationInProgress

	reason := successDeprovisionReason
	msg := successDeprovisionMessage
	if mitigatingOrphan {
		removeServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionOrphanMitigation)
		instance.Status.OrphanMitigationInProgress = false
		reason = successOrphanMitigationReason
		msg = successOrphanMitigationMessage
	}

	setServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionReady, v1beta1.ConditionFalse, reason, msg)
	clearServiceInstanceCurrentOperation(instance)
	instance.Status.ExternalProperties = nil
	instance.Status.ProvisionStatus = v1beta1.ServiceInstanceProvisionStatusNotProvisioned
	instance.Status.DeprovisionStatus = v1beta1.ServiceInstanceDeprovisionStatusSucceeded

	if mitigatingOrphan {
		if _, err := c.updateServiceInstanceStatus(instance); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	} else {
		// If part of a resource deletion request, follow-through to the
		// graceful deletion handler in order to clear the finalizer.
		if err := c.processServiceInstanceGracefulDeletionSuccess(instance); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeNormal, reason, msg)
	return nil
}

func (c *controller) processServiceBindingsDeletion(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) error {
	setServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionReady, v1beta1.ConditionFalse, serviceBindingsDeletionReason, serviceBindingsDeletionMessage)

	if _, err := c.updateServiceInstanceStatus(instance); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeNormal, serviceBindingsDeletionReason, serviceBindingsDeletionMessage)
	return c.beginPollingServiceInstance(instance)
}

// processDeprovisionFailure handles the logging and updating of a
// ServiceInstance that hit a terminal failure during deprovision
// reconciliation.
func (c *controller) processDeprovisionFailure(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, readyCond, failedCond *v1beta1.ServiceInstanceCondition) error {
	if failedCond == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failedCond must not be nil")
	}

	if instance.Status.OrphanMitigationInProgress {
		// replace Ready condition with orphan mitigation-related one.
		msg := "Orphan mitigation failed: " + failedCond.Message
		readyCond := newServiceInstanceReadyCondition(v1beta1.ConditionUnknown, errorOrphanMitigationFailedReason, msg)

		setServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionReady, readyCond.Status, readyCond.Reason, readyCond.Message)
		c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeWarning, readyCond.Reason, readyCond.Message)
	} else {
		if readyCond != nil {
			setServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionReady, v1beta1.ConditionUnknown, readyCond.Reason, readyCond.Message)
			c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeWarning, readyCond.Reason, readyCond.Message)
		}

		setServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionFailed, failedCond.Status, failedCond.Reason, failedCond.Message)
		c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeWarning, failedCond.Reason, failedCond.Message)
	}

	clearServiceInstanceCurrentOperation(instance)
	instance.Status.DeprovisionStatus = v1beta1.ServiceInstanceDeprovisionStatusFailed

	if _, err := c.updateServiceInstanceStatus(instance); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

// processDeprovisionAsyncResponse handles the logging and
// updating of a ServiceInstance that received an asynchronous response from
// the broker when requesting a deprovision.
func (c *controller) processDeprovisionAsyncResponse(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, response *osb.DeprovisionResponse) error {
	setServiceInstanceLastOperation(instance, response.OperationKey)
	setServiceInstanceCondition(instance, v1beta1.ServiceInstanceConditionReady, v1beta1.ConditionFalse, asyncDeprovisioningReason, asyncDeprovisioningMessage)
	instance.Status.AsyncOpInProgress = true

	if _, err := c.updateServiceInstanceStatus(instance); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	c.recorder.Event(instance, corev1.EventTypeNormal, asyncDeprovisioningReason, asyncDeprovisioningMessage)
	return c.beginPollingServiceInstance(instance)
}

// handleServiceInstancePollingError is a helper function that handles logic for
// an error returned during reconciliation while polling a service instance.
func (c *controller) handleServiceInstancePollingError(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, err error) error {
	// During polling, an error means we should:
	//	1) log the error
	//	2) attempt to requeue in the polling queue
	//		- if successful, we can return nil to avoid regular queue
	//		- if failure, return err to fall back to regular queue
	pcb := pretty.NewInstanceContextBuilder(instance)
	klog.V(4).Info(pcb.Messagef("Error during polling: %v", err))
	return c.continuePollingServiceInstance(instance)
}

// triggerServiceBindingReconciliation adds an annotation to every ServiceBinding
// whose ServiceInstance finishes with success.
func (c *controller) triggerServiceBindingReconciliation(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance) {
	bindings, err := c.listExistingBindings(instance)
	if err != nil {
		klog.Errorf("Couldn't get list of existing ServiceBindings for instance: %q. Bindings will be triggered after set delay. error: %v", instance.Name, err)
		return
	}

	for _, binding := range bindings {
		if c.isServiceBindingSucceeded(binding) {
			continue
		}
		klog.V(4).Infof("ServiceBinding %s/%s triggered to reconciliation", binding.Namespace, binding.Name)
		toUpdate := binding.DeepCopy()
		if toUpdate.Annotations == nil {
			toUpdate.Annotations = make(map[string]string, 0)
		}
		toUpdate.ObjectMeta.Annotations["reconciliationTriggered"] = metav1.Now().String()
		if _, err := c.serviceCatalogClient.ServiceBindings(toUpdate.Namespace).Update(context.Background(), toUpdate, metav1.UpdateOptions{}); err != nil {
			klog.Errorf("Couldn't update ServiceBinding %q status for instance %q. Bindings will be triggered after set delay. error: %v", binding.Name, binding.Spec.InstanceRef.Name, err)
		}
	}
}

// setServiceInstanceDashboardURL sets the dashboard URL on the given instance.
func setServiceInstanceDashboardURL(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, dashboardURL *string) {
	if dashboardURL != nil && *dashboardURL != "" {
		url := *dashboardURL
		instance.Status.DashboardURL = &url
	}
}

// setServiceInstanceLastOperation sets the last operation key on the given
// instance.
func setServiceInstanceLastOperation(instance *v1beta1.ServiceInstance, operationKey *osb.OperationKey) {
	if operationKey != nil && *operationKey != "" {
		key := string(*operationKey)
		instance.Status.LastOperation = &key
	}
}

func getServiceInstanceCommonClassAndPlan(instance v1beta1.ServiceInstance) (string, string) {
	var class, plan string
	if instance.Spec.ClusterServiceClassSpecified() && instance.Spec.ClusterServicePlanSpecified() {
		class = fmt.Sprintf("ClusterServiceClass/%s", instance.Spec.GetSpecifiedClusterServiceClass())
		plan = instance.Spec.GetSpecifiedClusterServicePlan()
	} else {
		class = fmt.Sprintf("ServiceClass/%s", instance.Spec.GetSpecifiedServiceClass())
		plan = instance.Spec.GetSpecifiedServicePlan()
	}
	return class, plan
}